School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 1;941:173511. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173511. Epub 2024 May 31.
4-Hydroxychlorothalonil (4-OH CHT), the main metabolite of chlorothalonil and the most widely used fungicide, has been frequently detected in human samples during monitoring. 4-OH CHT may exhibit higher toxicity and persistence in the environment compared to its prototype. In this study, a total of 540 paired serum and breast milk samples from pregnant women in three provinces in China were monitored for contaminant residues. 4-OH CHT was analyzed in the samples using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry with a detection limit of 20 ng/L. The study investigated the effects of demographic factors, such as BMI, region of residence, and education level, on the levels of 4-OH CHT residues in serum and breast milk. Among the three provinces, the highest median concentration of 4-OH CHT in serum samples was observed in Hebei (1.04 × 10 ng/L), while the highest median concentration of 4-OH CHT in breast milk samples was observed in Hubei and Guangdong (491 ng/L). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the significant positive correlation between 4-OH CHT in serum and breast milk (p = 0.000) after adjusting for personal characteristics. Based on this, the study further explored the influencing factors of transfer efficiencies (TEs) in conjunction with the individual TEs and the personal characteristics of the participants. Our results demonstrated that the age of the volunteers and their exercise habits had an effect on TEs, but further studies are needed to determine whether exercise leads to an increase in TEs.
4-羟基三氯生（4-OH CHT）是三氯生的主要代谢物，也是应用最广泛的杀菌剂之一，在监测过程中经常在人体样本中被检测到。与原型相比，4-OH CHT 可能表现出更高的毒性和环境持久性。本研究共监测了来自中国三个省份的 540 对孕妇血清和母乳样本中的污染物残留情况。采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法对样本中的 4-OH CHT 进行分析，检测限为 20ng/L。该研究调查了人口统计学因素（如 BMI、居住地区和教育水平）对血清和母乳中 4-OH CHT 残留水平的影响。在这三个省份中，血清样本中 4-OH CHT 的中位数浓度最高的是河北（1.04×10ng/L），而母乳样本中 4-OH CHT 的中位数浓度最高的是湖北和广东（491ng/L）。多元线性回归分析调整个人特征后，发现血清和母乳中 4-OH CHT 之间存在显著正相关（p=0.000）。在此基础上，本研究进一步结合个体 TEs 和参与者的个人特征，探讨了转移效率（TEs）的影响因素。结果表明，志愿者的年龄和运动习惯对 TEs 有影响，但需要进一步研究以确定运动是否会导致 TEs 增加。
