Department of Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Bayero University Kano and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2024 Apr 1;31(2):139-146. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_54_24. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
Physical exercise helps to mitigate cardiovascular risks in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but there are limited data in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk awareness, exercise practices and metabolic outcomes among Nigerians with diabetes.
We conducted a cross-sectional study at five tertiary hospitals using questionnaire interviews and clinical assessments. Participants' knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge of exercise were assessed on 12- and 5-item scores, while exercise practices were classed as adequate if performed regularly on 3 or more days weekly for a total of 150 min or more based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Mean body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, serum haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and uric acid were then compared among participant groups.
We studied 426 participants with DM, 58.7% females. The mean age was 52.9 ± 13.1 years, with males significantly older than females (54.6 ± 12.2 vs. 51.8 ± 13.5 years; 95% confidence interval: 0.27-5.28, P = 0.03). The mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 44.8 ± 11.7 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 84 months. There was low knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and low knowledge of exercise (mean scores of 2.94 and 2.31, respectively). Forty-three per cent of participants reported adequate exercise, which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.007), male gender (P = 0.001) and formal education (P = 0.021). Participants with adequate exercise had lower systolic BP and serum urea compared to those with inadequate exercise, but there were no significant differences in BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, creatinine or uric acid.
Participants had low knowledge of cardiovascular risks and the appropriate exercise practices for diabetes patients. There is a need for better patient education on diabetes self-care and exercise at clinic visits.
体育锻炼有助于降低糖尿病患者的心血管风险，但在尼日利亚，相关数据有限。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚糖尿病患者的心血管风险意识、运动实践和代谢结果。
我们在五所三级医院进行了一项横断面研究，使用问卷调查和临床评估。参与者对心血管危险因素的了解程度和对运动的了解程度分别通过 12 项和 5 项评分进行评估，而根据美国糖尿病协会的建议，如果每周至少 3 天进行总共 150 分钟或以上的定期运动，则将运动实践归类为足够。然后比较参与者组之间的平均体重指数（BMI）、血压（BP）、空腹血糖、血清糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂谱、尿素、肌酐和尿酸。
我们研究了 426 名糖尿病患者，其中 58.7%为女性。平均年龄为 52.9 ± 13.1 岁，男性明显大于女性（54.6 ± 12.2 岁比 51.8 ± 13.5 岁；95%置信区间：0.27-5.28，P = 0.03）。糖尿病诊断时的平均年龄为 44.8 ± 11.7 岁，糖尿病病程中位数为 84 个月。参与者对心血管危险因素和运动的了解程度较低（平均得分为 2.94 和 2.31）。43%的参与者报告了足够的运动，这与年龄较小（P = 0.007）、男性（P = 0.001）和正规教育（P = 0.021）显著相关。与运动不足的参与者相比，运动充足的参与者的收缩压和血清尿素较低，但 BMI、空腹血糖、HbA1c、血清脂质、肌酐或尿酸无显著差异。
参与者对心血管风险和糖尿病患者适当运动实践的了解程度较低。在就诊时，需要对糖尿病自我护理和运动进行更好的患者教育。
