Albabtain Mansour S, Alyousef Khalid A, Alharbi Ziad M, Almutairi Mohammed N, Jawdat Dunia
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
Cellular Therapy Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 May 1;16(5):e59468. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59468. eCollection 2024 May.
Background The associations and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients remain ambiguous in the literature, with some conflicting findings, especially in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we aim to elaborate on these data by examining regional patient populations and exploring the incidence, lab findings, and outcomes of VTE among hospitalized COVID-19 patients known to have diabetes mellitus (DM). Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. The BestCare system was used to collect patients' data between September 2020 and February 2022. JMP15 was used for data analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical data, and median and interquartile ranges were used for quantitative data. The chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests were used to assess the difference between categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. Nominal logistical regression was used to assess diabetes as a risk factor for developing VTE among COVID-19 patients. Results Data from 153 admitted patients were collected after they satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 39 (25.49%) developed VTE. The demographic data included age group, gender, and DM status presented as frequencies and percentages. Through bivariate analysis, patients with longer hospital stays had at least one episode of VTE (p = 0.0072). Using nominal logistic regression analysis, diabetes as a risk factor (odds ratio = 4.11, confidence interval = 0.955-5.05, p = 0.0287) was significantly associated with the development of VTE in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Based on our study, diabetes proved significant when evaluating the possible factors regarding VTE development in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the length of stay also played a critical role in the severity of VTE in COVID-19 patients. Similar studies should be conducted on a national scale in Saudi Arabia to accomplish two goals: first, to gain further understanding of the impact of the variables investigated in our population, and second, to publish data that are more generalizable to the larger population of Saudi Arabia.
住院的新冠肺炎患者静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的关联因素和风险因素在文献中仍不明确，存在一些相互矛盾的研究结果，尤其是在沙特阿拉伯。在本研究中，我们旨在通过研究地区患者群体，并探索已知患有糖尿病（DM）的住院新冠肺炎患者中VTE的发病率、实验室检查结果和结局，来详细阐述这些数据。
本横断面研究在利雅得的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城进行。使用BestCare系统收集2020年9月至2022年2月期间患者的数据。使用JMP15进行数据分析。分类数据采用频率和百分比表示，定量数据采用中位数和四分位数间距表示。分别使用卡方检验和Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验来评估分类变量和定量变量之间的差异。采用名义逻辑回归来评估糖尿病作为新冠肺炎患者发生VTE的风险因素。
在153例入院患者符合纳入标准后收集了他们的数据。其中，39例（25.49%）发生了VTE。人口统计学数据包括年龄组、性别和糖尿病状态，以频率和百分比呈现。通过双变量分析，住院时间较长的患者至少发生过一次VTE（p = 0.0072）。使用名义逻辑回归分析，糖尿病作为风险因素（比值比 = 4.11，置信区间 = 0.955 - 5.05，p = 0.0287）与新冠肺炎患者发生VTE显著相关。
基于我们的研究，在评估新冠肺炎患者发生VTE的可能因素时，糖尿病被证明具有显著性。此外，住院时间在新冠肺炎患者VTE的严重程度方面也起着关键作用。沙特阿拉伯应在全国范围内开展类似研究，以实现两个目标：第一，进一步了解我们研究人群中所调查变量的影响；第二，公布更适用于沙特阿拉伯更广泛人群的数据。
