School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Fushan District People's Hospital of Yantai City, No. 111 Gangchengxidajie, Fushan District, Yantai, 265500, Shandong Province, China.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Nov;397(11):8707-8723. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03181-w. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
Garlic exhibits hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular benefits. The inconsistent results of garlic preparations on adipogenesis have caused more confusion in the public and academia. The compounds responsible for the anti-adipogenesis effect of garlic remain unknown. The present study aimed to verify the real anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity component in garlic and explored its possible effects in metabolic syndrome. We verified the real anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity components of garlic in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and a 10-week-high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vitro, two water-soluble and four typical lipid-soluble compounds of garlic were tested for their anti-adipogenesis. Then, the water-soluble compound, alliin, and two processing methods produced garlic oils, were evaluated in vivo study. Mice received oral administration of alliin (25 mg/kg) and garlic oils (15 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks. Serum lipids, parameters of obesity, and indicators involved in regulating glycolipid metabolism were examined. Our findings confirmed that both water-soluble and lipid-soluble organosulfur compounds of garlic contributed to garlic's anti-adipogenesis effect, in which water-soluble sulfides, especially alliin, exhibited greater potency. Alliin possessed potent effects of anti-obesity and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice. Alliin mediated these effects partly attributed to its modulation of enzymatic activities within glycolipid metabolism and activating PPARγ signaling pathway. In contrast to odorous lipid-soluble sulfides, alliin is odorless, stable, and safe, and is an ideal nutraceutical or even medicinal candidates for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Alliin could be used to standardize the quality of garlic products.
大蒜具有降血脂、降血糖和心血管益处。大蒜制剂对脂肪生成的不一致结果导致公众和学术界更加困惑。负责大蒜抗脂肪生成作用的化合物仍不清楚。本研究旨在验证大蒜中真正的抗脂肪生成和抗肥胖成分，并探讨其在代谢综合征中的可能作用。我们在 3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞和 10 周高脂肪饮食（HFD）诱导肥胖小鼠中验证了大蒜的真正抗脂肪生成和抗肥胖成分。在体外，测试了两种水溶性和四种典型的脂溶性大蒜化合物的抗脂肪生成作用。然后，在体内研究中评估了水溶性化合物蒜氨酸和两种加工方法生产的大蒜油。小鼠每天口服给予蒜氨酸（25mg/kg）和大蒜油（15mg/kg）8 周。检测血清脂质、肥胖参数和调节糖脂代谢的指标。我们的研究结果证实，大蒜的水溶性和脂溶性有机硫化合物均有助于大蒜的抗脂肪生成作用，其中水溶性硫化物，特别是蒜氨酸，表现出更大的效力。蒜氨酸在 HFD 诱导肥胖小鼠中具有强大的抗肥胖作用和改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢的作用。蒜氨酸通过调节糖脂代谢中的酶活性和激活 PPARγ信号通路部分介导这些作用。与有臭味的脂溶性硫化物不同，蒜氨酸无味、稳定且安全，是治疗代谢性疾病的理想营养保健品甚至药物候选物。蒜氨酸可用于规范大蒜产品的质量。
