J Leg Med. 2023 Jan-Jun;43(1-2):19-33. doi: 10.1080/01947648.2024.2355466. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
European Union (EU) and non-EU countries have adopted different medical procedures for the issuance and renewal of a driver's license showing relevant matters of concern. In Europe, EU directives have been only partially supplemented with national laws, and there is a paucity of evidence-based criteria and methods for fitness-to-drive assessment. For instance, there is no agreement on standards for establishing which is the competent authority charged with the medical examination. Furthermore, license conditions, restrictions, or vehicle modifications, which appear as "limited use" codes on the driver's license are not regulated. This may generate confusion and deformity when it comes to the medico-legal evaluation, with potential ethical implications due to lack of transparency and equity and legal disputes between citizens and competent authorities. In this article, Italian experts on fitness-to-drive medical assessment highlight some major issues concerning the medical driving assessment activity in the EU. The Italian experience is shown as a case study, which is representative of other EU member states, for launching a call for evidence-based consensus documents and scientific guidelines on this topic, which may be helpful to international regulators and medico-legal stakeholders.
欧盟（EU）和非欧盟国家在发放和更新驾照方面采用了不同的医疗程序，以显示相关的关注事项。在欧洲，欧盟指令仅部分补充了国家法律，并且缺乏基于证据的驾驶能力评估标准和方法。例如，对于确定负责医疗检查的主管当局的标准，尚未达成一致意见。此外，驾照上显示为“有限使用”代码的驾照条件、限制或车辆改装也不受监管。这可能会在医学法律评估中引起混淆和变形，由于缺乏透明度、公平性以及公民与主管当局之间的法律纠纷，可能会产生潜在的伦理问题。在本文中，意大利驾驶能力评估医学专家强调了欧盟驾驶能力评估活动中的一些主要问题。意大利的经验作为一个案例研究，代表了其他欧盟成员国，呼吁就这一主题制定基于证据的共识文件和科学指南，这可能有助于国际监管机构和医学法律利益相关者。
