Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam, India.
Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Raha, Nagaon, Assam, India.
Ecotoxicology. 2024 Sep;33(7):663-676. doi: 10.1007/s10646-024-02763-x. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
λ-cyhalothrin, a synthetic type II pyrethroid, has become increasingly popular for control of aphids, butterfly larvae, and beetles, replacing other agricultural chemicals. As a result of which, residues of this synthetic pesticide are being reported across the globe in natural water, which poses a serious threat to aquatic life. Therefore, the present study was designed to understand the toxicity effects of λ-cyhalothrin on behaviour, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in a vertebrate aquatic model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). The fish were exposed to 0.129, 0.194 and 0.388 µg/L corresponding to 5%, 10% and 20% of 96hLC (1.94 µg/L) for 28 days. Upon exposure to the highest concentration (0.388 µg/L), the test animal exhibited significant alterations in behavioural patterns like number of entries to the top zone (n), decrease in average speed (m/s) and decrease in time spent in top zone (s). Moreover, the shoaling test demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the relative time spent by the tested fish (%) near the stimulus fish. The change in behavioural alterations might be linked to a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the brain acetylcholine esterase activity. Furthermore, the present study also illustrates oxidative stress exerted by λ-cyhalothrin through an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which is again clearly depicted by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase activities. Overall, the present study systematically demonstrates the chronic effects of λ-cyhalothrin on adult fish behaviour and physiology, which will contribute to assessing the risks of λ-cyhalothrin to organismal health.
联苯菊酯，一种合成的 II 型拟除虫菊酯，因其能防治蚜虫、蝴蝶幼虫和甲虫而在农业中被广泛应用，取代了其他一些农药。因此，这种合成农药的残留已在全球范围内的天然水中被报道，这对水生生物构成了严重威胁。因此，本研究旨在了解联苯菊酯对鱼类（斑马鱼）行为、氧化应激和神经毒性的毒性作用。将鱼暴露于 0.129、0.194 和 0.388μg/L 的浓度，分别对应 96hLC（1.94μg/L）的 5%、10%和 20%，暴露期为 28 天。在暴露于最高浓度（0.388μg/L）时，试验动物表现出行为模式的显著变化，如进入顶层区域的次数（n）、平均速度（m/s）和顶层停留时间（s）的减少。此外，聚群测试显示，受测试鱼类在刺激鱼附近的相对停留时间（%）显著减少（p<0.05）。行为改变的变化可能与大脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的显著下降（p<0.05）有关。此外，本研究还表明，联苯菊酯通过增加活性氧的产生造成氧化应激，这再次通过超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的显著增加（p<0.05）得到清晰说明。总体而言，本研究系统地展示了联苯菊酯对成年鱼类行为和生理的慢性影响，这将有助于评估联苯菊酯对机体健康的风险。
