Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 22;14(1):19551. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70515-2.
Pesticide contamination and soil degradation present significant challenges in agricultural ecosystems, driving extensive exploration of biochar (BC) and nano-biochar (NBC) as potential solutions. This study examines their effects on soil properties, microbial communities, and the fate of two key pesticides: the hydrophilic methomyl (MET) and the hydrophobic lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5% w w) in agricultural soil. Through a carefully designed seven-week black bean pot experiment, the results indicated that the addition of BC/NBC significantly influenced soil dynamics. Soil pH and moisture content (MC) notably increased, accompanied by a general rise in soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, in BC5/NBC5 treatments, SOC declined after the 2nd or 3rd week. Microbial populations, including total plate count (TPC), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), showed dynamic responses to BC/NBC applications. BC1/NBC1 and BC3/NBC3 applications led to a significant increase in microbial populations, whereas BC5/NBC5 treatments experienced a decline after the initial surge. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of both MET and LCT increased with higher BC/NBC concentrations, with NBC demonstrating greater efficacy than BC. Degradation kinetics, modeled by a first-order equation, revealed that MET degraded faster than LCT. These findings underscore the profound impact of BC/NBC on pesticide dynamics and microbial communities, highlighting their potential to transform sustainable agricultural practices.
农药污染和土壤退化对农业生态系统构成了重大挑战，促使人们广泛探索生物炭（BC）和纳米生物炭（NBC）作为潜在的解决方案。本研究考察了它们对土壤性质、微生物群落以及两种关键农药命运的影响：亲水性灭多威（MET）和疏水性高效氯氟氰菊酯（LCT），在不同浓度（1%、3%和 5%w/w）下在农业土壤中的影响。通过精心设计的为期七周的黑豆豆锅实验，结果表明 BC/NBC 的添加显著影响了土壤动态。土壤 pH 值和水分含量（MC）显著增加，同时土壤有机碳（SOC）含量普遍升高。然而，在 BC5/NBC5 处理中，SOC 在第 2 或第 3 周后下降。微生物种群，包括总平板计数（TPC）、解磷细菌（PSB）和固氮细菌（NFB），对 BC/NBC 的应用表现出动态响应。BC1/NBC1 和 BC3/NBC3 的应用导致微生物种群显著增加，而 BC5/NBC5 处理在最初的激增后出现下降。此外，随着 BC/NBC 浓度的增加，两种农药的去除效率都有所提高，NBC 的效果优于 BC。通过一阶方程建模的降解动力学表明，MET 比 LCT 降解得更快。这些发现强调了 BC/NBC 对农药动态和微生物群落的深远影响，突出了它们在转变可持续农业实践方面的潜力。
