School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
School of Marxism, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 May 20;12:1394688. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394688. eCollection 2024.
As an important component of the social security system, basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents is expected to improve the quality of life of rural older adult people and make their lives better and happier. This article mainly studies the relationship between the basic pension for urban and rural residents and the subjective well-being of older adult people in rural China.
This paper uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2018 and 2020. It selected samples of rural older adult people aged 60 and above, ultimately obtaining 9,310 samples. The impact of the basic pension for urban and rural residents on the subjective well-being of rural older adult people was estimated by constructing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation methods and ordered logistic regression models. The robustness of the results was verified by changing the regression methods, and the samples were divided into different groups for heterogeneity analysis according to three different standards.
The results show that the basic pension for urban and rural residents significantly improves the life satisfaction of rural older adult, reduces their degrees of depression, and thereby enhances their subjective well-being. The impact of the basic pension for urban and rural residents is more significant for older adult individuals in areas with a higher gender ratio, those suffering from chronic diseases, and those in the eastern regions of the country. Further verification indicates that the basic pension for urban and rural residents enhances the subjective well-being of the rural older adult by improving their health status and reducing their labor supply.
Most of the existing research on basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents and subjective well-being has been conducted from the perspective of whether individuals are enrolled in the pension scheme or whether they received a pension. However, there are few studies analyzing from the perspective of the amount of pension benefits received by residents. The results of this study help to enrich the research perspective on the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents in China and expand the understanding of the impact and value of the basic pension for urban and rural residents.
作为社会保障体系的重要组成部分，城乡居民基本养老保险有望提高农村老年人的生活质量，让他们生活得更美好、更幸福。本文主要研究中国农村城乡居民基本养老金与农村老年人口主观幸福感之间的关系。
本文使用了中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）2018 年和 2020 年的数据。选择了 60 岁及以上的农村老年人口样本，最终获得了 9310 个样本。通过构建普通最小二乘法（OLS）估计方法和有序逻辑回归模型，估计城乡居民基本养老金对农村老年人口主观幸福感的影响。通过改变回归方法和根据三个不同标准对样本进行分组进行异质性分析，验证了结果的稳健性。
结果表明，城乡居民基本养老金显著提高了农村老年人口的生活满意度，降低了他们的抑郁程度，从而提高了他们的主观幸福感。城乡居民基本养老金对性别比例较高、患有慢性病和东部地区的农村老年人口的影响更为显著。进一步验证表明，城乡居民基本养老金通过改善健康状况和减少劳动供给，提高了农村老年人口的主观幸福感。
大多数关于城乡居民基本养老保险和主观幸福感的现有研究都是从个人是否参加养老金计划或是否领取养老金的角度进行的，而很少从居民领取的养老金待遇金额的角度进行分析。本研究的结果有助于丰富中国城乡居民基本养老保险制度的研究视角，扩大对城乡居民基本养老金的影响和价值的认识。
