Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 4;19(6):e0304766. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304766. eCollection 2024.
Xenoestrogens are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals capable of altering the endocrine system of humans and animals owing to their molecular similarity to endogenous hormones. There is limited data regarding their effects on women´s health. Chronic exposure to xenoestrogens can promote the development of estrogen-related diseases.
To examine xenoestrogen concentration (TEXB-α) differences between women with leiomyomas or endometriosis and control women, and to study the relationship between the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients and their xenoestrogen levels.
Prospective case-control study. We selected 221 women who underwent surgery at Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The cases included 117 patients: 74 women who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyomas, 21 with endometriosis, and 22 with both pathologies. The control group comprised 104 healthy women who underwent surgical procedures for other reasons. TEXB-α was determined in the omental fat of all patients. Using a questionnaire and reviewing the patients' medical records, we collected sociodemographic data and other relevant variables.
A significant majority of study participants (68.8%) had detectable levels of xenoestrogens. We found no association between TEXB-α levels in omental fat and the presence of myomas or endometriosis. In the case group, women living or working in Madrid Community exhibited, on average, 3.12 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α compared to those working in other areas (p = 0.030). Women who referred to the use of estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives had, on average, 3.02 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α than those who had never used them (p = 0.022).
This study found no association between omental xenoestrogen levels and leiomyomas or endometriosis. However, their presence in most participants and their association with highly polluted areas emphasizes the importance of limiting environmental exposure to these substances. We also identified an association between hormonal contraceptive use and xenoestrogen concentration.
由于与内源性激素的分子相似性，外源性雌激素是能够改变人类和动物内分泌系统的合成或天然存在的化学物质。关于它们对女性健康的影响的数据有限。慢性暴露于外源性雌激素会促进与雌激素相关的疾病的发展。
检查患有子宫肌瘤或子宫内膜异位症的女性与对照组女性之间的外源性雌激素浓度（TEXB-α）差异，并研究这些患者的临床和社会人口统计学特征与其外源性雌激素水平之间的关系。
前瞻性病例对照研究。我们选择了 2017 年至 2021 年期间在 Quironsalud Madrid 大学医院接受手术的 221 名女性。病例组包括 117 名患者：74 名因子宫肌瘤接受手术的女性，21 名患有子宫内膜异位症的女性，22 名同时患有两种疾病的女性。对照组包括 104 名因其他原因接受手术的健康女性。所有患者的网膜脂肪中均测定 TEXB-α。通过问卷和查阅患者病历，我们收集了社会人口统计学数据和其他相关变量。
绝大多数研究参与者（68.8%）的外源性雌激素水平可检测到。我们没有发现网膜脂肪中外源性雌激素水平与子宫肌瘤或子宫内膜异位症的存在之间存在关联。在病例组中，居住或在马德里社区工作的女性平均比在其他地区工作的女性的 TEXB-α 水平高 3.12 Eeq pM/g（p = 0.030）。曾经使用含雌激素的激素避孕药的女性的 TEXB-α 水平平均比从未使用过的女性高 3.02 Eeq pM/g（p = 0.022）。
本研究未发现网膜外源性雌激素水平与子宫肌瘤或子宫内膜异位症之间存在关联。然而，大多数参与者的存在以及它们与污染严重地区的关联强调了限制这些物质环境暴露的重要性。我们还发现激素避孕药的使用与外源性雌激素浓度之间存在关联。
