Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 4;19(6):e0304325. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304325. eCollection 2024.
Stroke patients with dysphagia and family caregivers will experience multiple transitions during the whole process of the disease and various nursing needs will be generated. There is a lack of knowledge about their experiences at different transition stages. Thus, we aimed to explore the transition experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers from admission to discharge home.
A semi-structured interview based on Meleis's transition theory was used during hospitalization and telephone follow-up interviews were conducted in the first, third, and sixth month after the diagnosis of dysphagia. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method.
A total of 17 participants enrolled in the first face-to-face interview, 16 participants took part in the first month's telephone follow-up interview, 14 participants in the third month, and 12 participants in the sixth month. The transition experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers could be summarized into three themes: (1)transition from onset to admission; (2)transition from discharge to other rehabilitation institutions; and (3)transition from discharge to home. Each theme had identified interrelated subthemes.
The experiences of patients with post stroke dysphagia and family caregivers during transition are a dynamic process with enormous challenges in each phase. Collaboration with health care professionals, follow-up support after discharge, and available community and social support should be integrated into transitional nursing to help patients facilitate their transition.
吞咽困难的脑卒中患者及其家庭照护者在疾病的全过程中会经历多次转变，且会产生各种护理需求。但目前对于他们在不同转变阶段的体验还缺乏了解。因此，本研究旨在探讨脑卒中后吞咽困难患者及其家庭照护者从入院到出院回家的转变体验。
在住院期间采用基于 Meleis 转变理论的半结构式访谈，在诊断吞咽困难后的第 1、3、6 个月进行电话随访访谈。采用常规内容分析法对访谈记录进行分析。
共有 17 名参与者参加了首次面对面访谈，16 名参与者参加了第 1 个月的电话随访访谈，14 名参与者参加了第 3 个月的电话随访访谈，12 名参与者参加了第 6 个月的电话随访访谈。脑卒中后吞咽困难患者及其家庭照护者的转变体验可归纳为 3 个主题：（1）从发病到入院的转变；（2）从出院到其他康复机构的转变；（3）从出院到回家的转变。每个主题都有相互关联的亚主题。
脑卒中后吞咽困难患者及其家庭照护者在转变过程中的体验是一个动态过程，每个阶段都充满了巨大的挑战。应将医疗保健专业人员的协作、出院后的随访支持以及可用的社区和社会支持纳入到转变护理中，以帮助患者顺利转变。
