Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Jun 4;23(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02159-0.
We aimed to explore the association and potential causality between polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations and the risk of periodontal disease.
Data were collected from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to analyse the associations of the concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio with the risk of periodontitis. E-value and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were used for sensitivity analyses. In addition, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were performed to assess the potential causal impact of the concentrations of those fatty acids on periodontitis risk.
A total of 2462 participants from the NHANES were included. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high omega-3 fatty acids levels were negatively associated with the risk of developing periodontitis (P < 0.05), while the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio was positively associated with the risk of developing periodontitis (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between omega-6 concentrations and the risk of periodontitis. The findings mentioned above were confirmed by analysis following a 1:1 PSM. Furthermore, MR examination of the two samples indicated no possible causal link between the risk of periodontitis and the concentrations of omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids or the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (P > 0.05).
Although omega-3 fatty acids and the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio were associated with the risk of periodontitis in cross-sectional studies, the MR results did not support a causal relationship between them. Therefore, there is no indication that an increase in the omega-3 fatty acids concentration or a decrease in the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio may be beneficial for preventing periodontitis.
本研究旨在探讨多不饱和脂肪酸浓度与牙周病风险之间的关联和潜在因果关系。
数据来自 2011-2014 年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）。采用加权逻辑回归分析和限制性立方样条（RCS）分析探讨ω-3 和 ω-6 脂肪酸浓度以及 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸比值与牙周炎风险的关系。采用 E 值和倾向评分匹配（PSM）分析进行敏感性分析。此外，还进行了两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）分析，以评估这些脂肪酸浓度对牙周炎风险的潜在因果影响。
共纳入来自 NHANES 的 2462 名参与者。逻辑回归分析显示，高水平的 ω-3 脂肪酸与牙周炎发病风险呈负相关（P<0.05），而 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸比值与牙周炎发病风险呈正相关（P<0.05）。ω-6 浓度与牙周炎风险之间无显著关联。经 1:1 PSM 分析后，上述发现得到了证实。此外，两个样本的 MR 检验表明，牙周炎风险与 ω-3 或 ω-6 脂肪酸浓度或 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸比值之间不存在可能的因果关系（P>0.05）。
尽管横断面研究表明 ω-3 脂肪酸和 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸比值与牙周病风险相关，但 MR 结果不支持两者之间存在因果关系。因此，增加 ω-3 脂肪酸浓度或降低 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸比值可能有益于预防牙周病的说法并无依据。
