The mechanism of in digesting toxic sugars.

is an economically and medicinally valuable oilseed crop. Honeybee, the most abundant pollinator, rarely visits because of the toxic sugars in the nectar and pollen. These toxic sugars cannot be fully digested by honeybees and inhibit the process of synthesizing trehalose in honeybees. exhibits self-incompatibility, and its pollination heavily depends on . However, the mechanism by which digests toxic sugars in nectar and pollen remains unknown. Consequently, we identified and validated four single-copy genes (, , , and , abbreviated as , , , and ) essential for detoxifying toxic sugars . Then, we cloned the four genes into , and expressed enzyme successfully degraded the toxic sugars. The phylogeny suggests that the genes were conserved and functionally diverged among the evolution. These results provide novel insights into pollinator detoxification during co-evolution.