Rheumatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Immunol. 2024 May 22;15:1403808. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403808. eCollection 2024.
VEXAS syndrome is a recently described autoinflammatory syndrome caused by the somatic acquisition of mutations in myeloid precursors and is frequently associated with hematologic malignancies, chiefly myelodysplastic syndromes. Disease presentation can mimic several rheumatologic disorders, delaying the diagnosis. We describe a case of atypical presentation resembling late-onset axial spondylarthritis, later progressing to a systemic inflammatory syndrome with chondritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and transfusion-dependent anemia, requiring high doses of steroids. Ruxolitinib was used as the first steroid-sparing strategy without response. However, azacitidine showed activity in controlling both inflammation and the mutant clone. This case raises the question of whether azacitidine's anti-inflammatory effects are dependent on or independent of clonal control. We discuss the potential relevance of molecular remission in VEXAS syndrome and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team for the care of such complex patients.
VEXAS 综合征是一种新近描述的自身炎症综合征,由髓系前体细胞获得性突变引起,常与血液系统恶性肿瘤相关,主要为骨髓增生异常综合征。疾病表现可模拟多种风湿性疾病,从而导致诊断延迟。我们描述了一例表现不典型的病例,类似于迟发性轴性脊柱关节炎,随后进展为伴有软骨炎、皮肤血管炎和输血依赖性贫血的全身炎症综合征,需要大剂量类固醇治疗。鲁索利替尼最初被用作类固醇节约策略,但没有反应。然而,阿扎胞苷在控制炎症和突变克隆方面均有活性。该病例提出了一个问题,即阿扎胞苷的抗炎作用是否依赖于或独立于克隆控制。我们讨论了 VEXAS 综合征中分子缓解的潜在意义,并强调了多学科团队在治疗此类复杂患者中的重要性。
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