Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória.
J Hypertens. 2024 Oct 1;42(10):1711-1719. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003784. Epub 2024 May 30.
We aimed at defining the direct and the mediated pathways for the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), and also to identify whether these effects are influenced by sex and age.
Cross-sectional data from 13 718 adults (35-74 years) were obtained at the baseline of the ELSA-Brasil study. The cf-PWV was obtained by measuring the pulse transit time and the distance traveled by the pulse between the carotid and the femoral, as well as clinical and anthropometric parameters were measured. The levels of LTPA were determined by applying the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
Classical cardiovascular risk factors were independently associated with cf-PWV. Path analysis showed that increased levels of LTPA were directly associated with lower cf-PWV in both men and women ( β : -0.123 ± 0.03 vs. 0.065 ± 0.029, P for sex = 0.165), except for diabetes. Also, the mediated effect of LTPA on SBP and DBPs, heart rate, BMI, and fasting glucose, was associated with lower cf-PWV in men and women ( β : -0.113 ± 0.016 vs. -0.104 ± 0.016, P for sex = 0.692), except for diabetes. When age was tested as a moderator, the direct effect did not change significantly according to participants' age, regardless of sex. However, the mediated effect increases in both men and women over 50 years.
Our findings support that LTPA in adults reduces cf-PWV by acting in different ways according to age. Physical activity in older individuals improves cardiometabolic risk factors and thus mitigates the stiffening of large arteries.
我们旨在定义休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）与颈股脉搏波速度（cf-PWV）之间的直接和间接途径，并确定这些影响是否受到性别和年龄的影响。
ELSA-Brasil 研究的基线阶段共纳入 13718 名 35-74 岁的成年人，通过测量脉搏通过颈动脉到股动脉的传输时间和距离，以及测量临床和人体测量参数来获得 cf-PWV。LTPA 的水平通过应用国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）的长表来确定。
经典心血管危险因素与 cf-PWV 独立相关。路径分析表明，LTPA 水平的升高与男女的 cf-PWV 降低直接相关（β：-0.123±0.03 与 0.065±0.029，性别 P=0.165），除糖尿病外。此外，LTPA 对 SBP 和 DBP、心率、BMI 和空腹血糖的中介效应与男女的 cf-PWV 降低相关（β：-0.113±0.016 与-0.104±0.016，性别 P=0.692），除糖尿病外。当以年龄作为调节变量进行测试时，直接效应并不随着参与者的年龄而显著变化，无论性别如何。然而，中介效应在男女 50 岁以上的人群中均增加。
我们的研究结果表明，成年人的 LTPA 通过不同的方式降低 cf-PWV，这取决于年龄。对于老年人来说，身体活动可以改善心血管代谢危险因素，从而减轻大动脉的僵硬。
