Williams G A, Kaintz R P, Habermehl K K, Nelson J G, Kennedy H L
Clin Cardiol. 1985 Mar;8(3):137-40. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960080303.
Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to aid right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy during 163 procedures in 83 patients being evaluated for myocarditis, cardiac transplant rejection, or drug toxicity. Thirty procedures were performed using combined echocardiography and fluoroscopy and 133 using echocardiography alone. For 80 of the 83 patients (96%) the forceps could be adequately visualized entering the right atrium, crossing the tricuspid valve, and advancing to the right ventricular apex and free wall. The catheter could be guided to biopsy the septum and sample multiple, separate sites along the right ventricular walls. By opening the forceps prior to contact with the myocardium, the right ventricular free wall could be biopsied without perforation. We found two-dimensional echocardiography to be a useful and safe technique for forceps visualization and manipulation in the right ventricle.
在对83例因心肌炎、心脏移植排斥反应或药物毒性接受评估的患者进行的163例手术中，二维超声心动图被用于辅助右心室心内膜活检。其中30例手术使用了超声心动图与荧光透视联合的方法，133例仅使用了超声心动图。在83例患者中的80例（96%）中，活检钳进入右心房、穿过三尖瓣并推进至右心室尖部和游离壁的过程能够得到充分的可视化。导管能够被引导对室间隔进行活检，并在右心室壁上取多个不同部位的样本。通过在接触心肌之前打开活检钳，可在不穿孔的情况下对右心室游离壁进行活检。我们发现二维超声心动图是一种在右心室中可视化和操作活检钳的有用且安全的技术。
