Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2024 Summer;35(2):102-115. doi: 10.5080/u26773.
The effects of antipsychotics on negative symptoms are limited. The most appropriate approach in the treatment of schizophrenia is the integration of drug therapy with psychological and social interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of art therapy and psychosocial skills training (PSST) in the treatment of schizophrenia.
A total of 15 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria in DSM-5 and 12 patient relatives were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 7 were included in the art therapy program and 8 were included in the PSST program for schizophrenia. 90-minute sessions of art therapy and PSST were carried out once a week for 17 weeks. Participants with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the relatives were given Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Zarit Burden Interview.
There was a significant decrease in the PANSS negative symptoms, PANSS general psychopathology, SFS pro-social activities and SFS recreation scores in both groups, while the SFS social withdrawal scores decreased significantly only in the art therapy group. In the PANSS negative symptoms subscale, passive social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation and stereotyped thinking scores were significantly lower in the art therapy group. In the PSST group only the score for difficulty in abstract thinking declined significantly.
The findings of the present study suggest that art therapy and PSST have positive effects on the improvement of negative symptoms as well as improvements in social and cognitive functionality in schizophrenia.
抗精神病药物对阴性症状的疗效有限。在精神分裂症的治疗中，最恰当的方法是将药物治疗与心理和社会干预相结合。本研究旨在评估和比较艺术治疗和心理社会技能训练（PSST）在精神分裂症治疗中的效果。
本研究共纳入了 15 名根据 DSM-5 标准诊断为精神分裂症的患者和 12 名患者家属。患者被随机分为两组，7 名患者纳入艺术治疗计划，8 名患者纳入 PSST 计划。每周进行一次 90 分钟的艺术治疗和 PSST，共进行 17 周。采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、社会功能量表（SFS）和卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表对精神分裂症患者进行评估，家属则采用贝克抑郁量表、贝克焦虑量表和 Zarit 负担访谈进行评估。
两组患者的 PANSS 阴性症状、PANSS 一般精神病性症状、SFS 亲社会活动和 SFS 娱乐评分均显著下降，而只有艺术治疗组的 SFS 社交退缩评分显著下降。在 PANSS 阴性症状子量表中，艺术治疗组的被动社交退缩、抽象思维困难、缺乏自发性和对话流畅性、刻板思维得分显著降低。PSST 组仅抽象思维困难评分显著下降。
本研究结果表明，艺术治疗和 PSST 对改善精神分裂症患者的阴性症状以及社会和认知功能有积极作用。
