School of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 6;19(6):e0297721. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297721. eCollection 2024.
People who are structurally disadvantaged and marginalized often report poor health care experiences, such as inequitable treatment, due to intersecting forms of stigma and discrimination. There are many measures of patient experiences of care, however, few are designed to measure equity-oriented health care. In alignment with ongoing calls to integrate actions in support of health equity, we report on the development and testing of patient-reported experience measures that explicitly use a health equity and intersectional lens. Our analysis focuses on two different scales: the Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Ongoing, which was evaluated in primary health care settings where patients have an ongoing relationship with providers over time, and the Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Episodic, which was tested in an emergency department where care is provided on an episodic basis. Item Response Theory was used to develop and refine the scales. The psychometric properties of each scale were also evaluated. The Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Ongoing was first tested with a cohort of 567 patients. The Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Episodic was subsequently tested in an emergency department setting with 284 patients. Results of the Item Response Theory analysis for each scale yielded a brief index that captured the level of equity-oriented care when care is ongoing (12 items) or episodic (9 items). Both scales showed evidence of internal consistency and concurrent validity, based on a high correlation with quality of care. They are brief, easy-to-administer patient-reported experience measures that can support organizations to monitor quality of care. Their availability enhances the possibility of measuring equity-oriented health care in diverse contexts and can provide nuanced understandings of quality of care through an intersectional and equity lens.
处于结构性劣势和边缘化地位的人经常报告医疗体验不佳,例如由于交叉形式的污名和歧视而受到不平等待遇。虽然有许多衡量患者对护理体验的指标,但很少有指标旨在衡量以公平为导向的医疗保健。为了响应正在呼吁采取行动支持健康公平,我们报告了开发和测试患者报告体验衡量标准的情况,这些衡量标准明确使用了公平和交叉视角。我们的分析重点关注两种不同的量表:持续存在的公平导向医疗保健量表(Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Ongoing),该量表在初级保健环境中进行了评估,患者与提供者之间存在长期的持续关系;以及偶发性公平导向医疗保健量表(Equity-Oriented Health Care Scale-Episodic),该量表在急诊科进行了测试,在急诊科,护理是偶发性的。使用项目反应理论来开发和完善量表。还评估了每个量表的心理测量特性。首先使用 567 名患者的队列对持续存在的公平导向医疗保健量表进行了测试。随后,在急诊科环境中对偶发性公平导向医疗保健量表进行了测试,共涉及 284 名患者。每个量表的项目反应理论分析结果得出了一个简短指数,该指数可以衡量正在进行的护理(12 项)或偶发性护理(9 项)的公平导向护理水平。这两个量表都显示出了内部一致性和同时效度的证据,这是基于与护理质量的高度相关性。它们是简短、易于管理的患者报告体验衡量标准,可以支持组织监测护理质量。它们的可用性增强了在不同背景下衡量公平导向医疗保健的可能性,并通过交叉和公平视角提供了对护理质量的细致理解。