Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 6;19(6):e0304168. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304168. eCollection 2024.
To examine the association between recent experiences of discrimination and depressive symptom presentation and severity among a U.S. sample of older Black and African American adults. A cross-sectional survey of 124 Black and African American adults aged 50 and older in the United States was conducted assessing interpersonal discrimination and depressive symptoms. The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire assessed four forms of interpersonal discrimination. A measure of heightened vigilance to bias assessed anticipatory coping with discrimination experiences. Past-month affective and somatic symptoms of depression were assessed using the Depressive and Somatic Symptoms Scale. All forms of interpersonal racial discrimination were positively associated with greater affective symptom severity. Being avoided, devalued, and threatened or actively physically harmed were associated with greater somatic symptom severity. Vigilant coping was positively associated with affective symptom severity but not somatic symptom severity. Racial discrimination is linked to depression severity among older Black and African American and varies by symptom. This study helps inform work on processes linking discrimination with poorer psychological outcomes and will allow for more effective interventions and prevention efforts that are tailored to older minority populations.
为了研究美国老年黑人和非裔美国人样本中近期经历的歧视与抑郁症状表现和严重程度之间的关系。本研究在美国开展了一项横断面调查,共调查了 124 名年龄在 50 岁及以上的黑人和非裔美国人,评估了人际歧视和抑郁症状。《感知种族歧视问卷》评估了四种人际歧视形式。一种衡量对歧视经验的预期应对能力的指标评估了对歧视经历的预期应对能力。使用抑郁和躯体症状量表评估了过去一个月的抑郁情绪和躯体症状。所有形式的人际种族歧视都与更严重的情感症状严重程度呈正相关。被回避、被贬低、受到威胁或受到身体伤害与更严重的躯体症状严重程度有关。警惕应对与情感症状严重程度呈正相关,但与躯体症状严重程度无关。种族歧视与老年黑人和非裔美国人的抑郁严重程度有关,且因症状而异。这项研究有助于为与歧视相关的更差的心理结果的相关过程提供信息,并将为更有效地针对少数族裔老年人的干预和预防工作提供信息。