Department of Psychology.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 Jan;27(1):123-134. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000365. Epub 2020 May 21.
Experiences of racial discrimination are common for Black Americans and have been associated with depression and sleep disturbance, factors likely involved in the insidious development of health disparities. The current study replicates these associations and examines longitudinal linkages.
Black American couples (men: = 248, = 40, = 9; women: = 277, = 37, = 7) and their children, aged 9 to 14 ( = 276, = 11, = 1), completed measures of experiences of racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems at baseline and 8-month follow-up. In separate analyses for men, women, and youth, we examined concurrent and prospective associations of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms and sleep problems, then used longitudinal indirect effect models to examine whether depressive symptoms in response to racial discrimination led to increased sleep problems, or vice versa.
Racial discrimination was associated concurrently with depressive symptoms and sleep problems for all family members. Prospective associations were also found with depressive symptoms and sleep problems in fathers and youth, and sleep problems in mothers. Longitudinal models showed significant indirect effects of racial discrimination on change in sleep problems through depressive symptoms for fathers and mothers, and a similar, but nonsignificant, pattern in youth. There were no indirect effects on change in depressive symptoms through sleep problems.
Persistent associations of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms and sleep problems reflect a lasting impact of racial discrimination. Because discrimination's effects on depression may contribute to increased sleep problems over time, interventions that buffer the effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms may also reduce sleep problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
种族歧视是美国黑人普遍存在的经历，与抑郁和睡眠障碍有关，这些因素可能与健康差距的悄然发展有关。本研究复制了这些关联，并检验了纵向联系。
美国黑人夫妇（男性：n=248，M=40，SD=9；女性：n=277，M=37，SD=7）及其 9 至 14 岁的子女（n=276，M=11，SD=1）在基线和 8 个月随访时完成了种族歧视经历、抑郁症状和睡眠问题的测量。在男性、女性和青少年的单独分析中，我们检验了种族歧视与抑郁症状和睡眠问题的同期和前瞻性关联，然后使用纵向间接效应模型检验了种族歧视引起的抑郁症状是否会导致睡眠问题增加，或者反之亦然。
种族歧视与所有家庭成员的抑郁症状和睡眠问题均呈同期相关。在父亲和青少年中也发现了与抑郁症状和睡眠问题的前瞻性关联，而母亲则与睡眠问题相关。纵向模型显示，种族歧视对父亲和母亲的睡眠问题变化有显著的间接影响，通过抑郁症状，而在青少年中则有类似但不显著的模式。种族歧视对抑郁症状变化没有间接影响。
种族歧视与抑郁症状和睡眠问题的持续关联反映了种族歧视的持久影响。因为歧视对抑郁的影响可能会导致随着时间的推移睡眠问题增加，因此缓解歧视对抑郁症状影响的干预措施也可能减少睡眠问题。
