Abidi Arezoo, Soltani Afshin, Zeinali Ebrahim
Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 4918943464, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 May 22;10(11):e31734. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31734. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Crop models have frequently been used to identify desired plant traits for rainfed wheat ( L.). However, efforts to apply these models to irrigated wheat grown under non-limiting water and nitrogen conditions have been rare. Using simulation models to identify plant traits that impact yield can facilitate more targeted cultivar improvement and reduce time and cost. In this study, the SSM-iCrop model was employed to identify effective plant traits for increasing the yield of irrigated wheat in four distinct environments in Iran. A comprehensive range of traits related to phenology, leaf area development, dry matter production, and yield formation, which exhibited reported genetic variation, were tested. The impact of these traits on yield showed slight variation across different environmental zones due to genetic × environment interaction. However, across all environments, modifying current cultivars to increase radiation use efficiency (RUE) resulted in a 19 % increase in yield, accelerating leaf area development led to a 10 %-15 % increase, lengthening the grain filling period resulted in a 14 % increase, and extending the vegetative period led to a 6 % increase. These improvements were all statistically significant. Considering that longer duration cultivars may disrupt cropping systems and the need to develop simple methods for targeting and phenotyping RUE, faster leaf area development was found as the most promising option to increase irrigated wheat yield under optimal water and nitrogen management within a short time frame. It should be noted that cultivars with modified traits needed higher water and nitrogen inputs to support increased yields. These findings can be applied to select desirable key traits for targeted breeding and expedite the production of high-yielding cultivars of irrigated wheat in various environmental zones. The potential for further improvement through combined traits requires further investigation.
作物模型经常被用于确定雨养小麦（L.）所需的植株性状。然而，将这些模型应用于在水氮非限制条件下种植的灌溉小麦的研究却很少。利用模拟模型来确定影响产量的植株性状，有助于更有针对性地改良品种，并减少时间和成本。在本研究中，采用SSM-iCrop模型在伊朗四个不同环境中确定提高灌溉小麦产量的有效植株性状。测试了一系列与物候、叶面积发育、干物质生产和产量形成相关的、具有报道的遗传变异的性状。由于基因×环境互作，这些性状对产量的影响在不同环境区域略有差异。然而，在所有环境中，改良现有品种以提高辐射利用效率（RUE）可使产量提高19%，加速叶面积发育可使产量提高10%-15%，延长灌浆期可使产量提高14%，延长营养生长期可使产量提高6%。这些提高均具有统计学意义。考虑到生育期较长的品种可能会扰乱种植系统，以及需要开发针对RUE的简单靶向和表型分析方法，发现在最佳水氮管理条件下，加快叶面积发育是在短时间内提高灌溉小麦产量最有前景的选择。需要注意的是，性状改良的品种需要更高的水氮投入来支持产量增加。这些研究结果可应用于选择理想的关键性状进行定向育种，并加快在不同环境区域培育高产灌溉小麦品种。通过组合性状进一步提高产量的潜力需要进一步研究。
