Benjamin M
J Med Philos. 1985 Feb;10(1):85-103. doi: 10.1093/jmp/10.1.85.
Little has been written recently about the obligations of lay people in professional relationships. Yet the Code of Medical Ethics adopted by the American Medical Association in 1847 included an extensive statement on "Obligations of patients to their physicians'. After critically examining the philosophical foundations of this statement, I provide an alternative account of lay obligations in professional relationships. Based on a hypothetical social contract and included in a full specification of professional as well as lay obligations, this account requires lay people to honor commitments and disclose relevant information. Ethically, the account assumes that all parties in lay-professional relationships should be given equal consideration and respect in determining rights and obligations. Factually, it assumes that the treatment of many illnesses and injuries required collaboration and cooperation among lay persons and health professionals, that medical resources and personnel are limited, and that medicine, nursing, and related health professions, are, in MacIntyre's sense, practices.
最近关于非专业人士在专业关系中的义务鲜有论述。然而，美国医学协会1847年通过的《医学伦理准则》包含了一份关于“患者对其医生的义务”的详尽声明。在批判性地审视了该声明的哲学基础后，我给出了关于非专业人士在专业关系中义务的另一种解释。基于一个假设的社会契约，并包含在对专业人士和非专业人士义务的完整阐述中，这种解释要求非专业人士履行承诺并披露相关信息。从伦理上讲，这种解释假定在确定权利和义务时，非专业人士与专业人士关系中的所有各方都应得到平等的考虑和尊重。从实际情况看，它假定许多疾病和伤痛的治疗需要非专业人士与健康专业人员之间的协作与合作，医疗资源和人员是有限的，并且医学、护理及相关健康专业，用麦金太尔的话来说，是实践活动。
