Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Sci Immunol. 2024 Jun 7;9(96):eadk8141. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk8141.
Lymphatic transport shapes the homeostatic immune repertoire of lymph nodes (LNs). LN-resident memory T cells (T) play an important role in site-specific immune memory, yet how LN T form de novo after viral infection remains unclear. Here, we tracked the anatomical distribution of antiviral CD8 T cells as they seeded skin and LN T using a model of vaccinia virus-induced skin infection. LN T localized to the draining LNs (dLNs) of infected skin, and their formation depended on the lymphatic egress of effector CD8 T cells from the skin, already poised for residence. Effector CD8 T cell transit through skin was required to populate LN T in dLNs, a process reinforced by antigen encounter in skin. Furthermore, LN T were protective against viral rechallenge in the absence of circulating memory T cells. These data suggest that a subset of tissue-infiltrating CD8 T cells egress from tissues during viral clearance and establish a layer of regional protection in the dLN basin.
淋巴运输塑造了淋巴结（LNs）的稳态免疫库。LN 驻留记忆 T 细胞（T）在特定部位的免疫记忆中发挥着重要作用，但 LN T 如何在病毒感染后新形成仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用牛痘病毒诱导的皮肤感染模型，追踪了抗病毒 CD8 T 细胞在皮肤和 LN T 中定植的解剖分布。LN T 定位于感染皮肤的引流淋巴结（dLN），其形成取决于效应 CD8 T 细胞从皮肤中的淋巴流出，这些细胞已经准备好驻留。效应 CD8 T 细胞通过皮肤的迁移是在 dLN 中形成 LN T 的必要条件，这一过程在皮肤中抗原的作用下得到加强。此外，LN T 在没有循环记忆 T 细胞的情况下对病毒再次攻击具有保护作用。这些数据表明，在清除病毒期间，组织浸润的 CD8 T 细胞亚群从组织中流出，并在 dLN 盆地中建立了一层区域保护。
