Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India.
Chemosphere. 2024 Aug;361:142533. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142533. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Development of effective adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from wastewater is indispensable due to increasing water scarcity and a lack of pure drinking water, which are prevailing as a result of rapid industrialization and population growth. Recently, the development of new adsorbents and their effective use without generating secondary waste is receiving huge consideration. In order to protect the environment from primary and secondary pollution, the development of adsorbents from wastes and their recycling have become conventional practices aimed at waste management. As a result, significant progress has been made in the synthesis of new porous carbon and metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents, with the objective of using them for the removal of pollutants. While many different kinds of pollutants are produced in the environment, drug pollutants are the most vicious because of their tendency to undergo significant structural changes, producing metabolites and residues with entirely different properties compared to their parent compounds. Chemical reactions involving oxidation, hydrolysis, and photolysis transform drugs. The resulting compounds can have detrimental effects on living beings that are present in soil and water. This review stresses the development of adsorbents with adjustable porosities for the broad removal of primary drug pollutants and their metabolites, which are formed as a result of drug transformations in environmental matrices. This keeps adsorbents from building up in the environment and prevents them from becoming significant pollutants in the future. Additionally, it stops secondary pollution caused by the deterioration of the used adsorbents. Focus on the development of effective adsorbents with flexible porosities allows for the complete removal of coexisting contaminants and makes a substantial contribution to wastewater management. In order to concentrate more on the development of flexible pore adsorbents, it is crucial to comprehend the milestones reached in the research and applications of porous magnetic adsorbents based on metal and carbon, which are discussed here.
由于快速工业化和人口增长导致水资源短缺和缺乏纯净饮用水，因此开发有效去除废水中污染物的吸附剂是必不可少的。最近，新吸附剂的开发及其有效利用而不产生二次废物受到了极大的关注。为了保护环境免受一次和二次污染，开发废物吸附剂及其回收利用已成为废物管理的常规做法。因此，在合成新型多孔碳和金属有机框架作为吸附剂方面取得了重大进展，旨在将其用于去除污染物。虽然环境中会产生许多不同类型的污染物，但药物污染物是最恶劣的，因为它们倾向于发生重大结构变化，产生与母体化合物完全不同性质的代谢物和残留物。涉及氧化、水解和光解的化学反应会使药物发生转化。由此产生的化合物可能对存在于土壤和水中的生物产生有害影响。本综述强调了开发具有可调孔隙率的吸附剂的重要性，这些吸附剂可广泛去除初级药物污染物及其在环境基质中药物转化形成的代谢物。这可以防止吸附剂在环境中积累，并防止它们在未来成为重要的污染物。此外，它还可以防止由于使用的吸附剂恶化而引起的二次污染。关注具有灵活孔隙率的有效吸附剂的开发，可以完全去除共存污染物，为废水管理做出重大贡献。为了更集中地开发灵活孔吸附剂，了解基于金属和碳的多孔磁性吸附剂的研究和应用中取得的里程碑式进展至关重要，本文对此进行了讨论。
