Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wujin Road No.85, Hongkou district, Shanghai, 200080, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2024 Jun 7;24(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03477-8.
Functional visual impairments in children are primarily caused by amblyopia or strabismus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of amblyopia and strabismus among individuals aged 3-16 years in Shanghai, China.
From February 2023 to February 2024, this hospital-based, cross-sectional study included data of children who visited the Ophthalmology Department of Shanghai General Hospital. Comprehensive ocular examinations included visual acuity measurement after cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp examination, cover test, and dilated fundus examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to estimate the proportion and clinical characteristics of amblyopia and strabismus.
A total of 920 children were enrolled in our study. Among them, 223 (24.24%) children were identified as amblyopia. Unilateral amblyopia occupied 57.85%, and bilateral amblyopia occupied 42.15%. Most participants were within the age range of 5-10 years (75.97% for unilateral amblyopia, and 70.21% for bilateral amblyopia). Anisometropia was the primary cause of unilateral amblyopia (68.99%). Most amblyopic children have high hyperopia (38.76% for unilateral amblyopia, and 39.89% for bilateral amblyopia). 30 (3.26%) children were diagnosed with strabismus, and 19 (63.3%) of them were aged 5-10 years. Seven of the children had both strabismus and amblyopia.
The proportion of patients with amblyopia and strabismus was determined as 24.24% and 3.26% in our study. Anisometropia was the leading cause of unilateral amblyopia, whereas high hyperopia was a crucial refractive error in the amblyopic population. These findings shed light on further longitudinal studies targeting the age-related changes in amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage uncorrected refractive errors, amblyopia, and strabismus among children in Shanghai.
儿童功能性视力障碍主要由弱视或斜视引起。本研究旨在确定中国上海 3-16 岁人群中弱视和斜视的患病率和临床特征。
本项基于医院的横断面研究于 2023 年 2 月至 2024 年 2 月期间纳入了就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心眼科的儿童数据。全面的眼部检查包括睫状肌麻痹验光后的视力测量、裂隙灯检查、遮盖试验和散瞳眼底检查。采用描述性统计方法估计弱视和斜视的比例和临床特征。
共纳入 920 名儿童。其中，223 名（24.24%）儿童被诊断为弱视。单侧弱视占 57.85%，双侧弱视占 42.15%。大多数参与者年龄在 5-10 岁之间（单侧弱视为 75.97%，双侧弱视为 70.21%）。屈光不正参差是单侧弱视的主要原因（68.99%）。大多数弱视儿童患有高度远视（单侧弱视为 38.76%，双侧弱视为 39.89%）。30 名（3.26%）儿童被诊断为斜视，其中 19 名（63.3%）年龄在 5-10 岁之间。7 名儿童同时患有斜视和弱视。
本研究中弱视和斜视的患病率分别为 24.24%和 3.26%。屈光不正参差是单侧弱视的主要原因，而高度远视是弱视人群中重要的屈光不正类型。这些发现为进一步开展针对弱视、斜视和屈光不正的年龄相关变化的纵向研究提供了依据。因此，应努力管理上海儿童中的未矫正屈光不正、弱视和斜视。
