College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Aug;273:106968. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106968. Epub 2024 May 27.
The thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs) have raised great concerns due to their adverse impacts on thyroid hormones (THs). In this study, we investigated the thyroid-disrupting effects of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), two major BPA substitutes, on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Firstly, anti-transthyretin (TTR) monoclonal antibody (anti-TTR mAb) was prepared and used to establish an indirect ELISA, which had a working range of 15.6∼1000 ng/mL of a detection limit of 6.1 ng/mL. The immunoassays based on anti-TTR mAb showed that exposure to BPF (10 and 100 μg/L) and BPS (100 μg/L) significantly elevated the levels of TTR protein in the plasma, liver, and brain tissues. Moreover, immunofluorescence showed that 100 μg/L BPF and BPS induced the production of TTR protein in liver and brain tissues. In addition, BPF and BPS increased THs levels and damaged thyroid tissue structure in adult female zebrafish. Especially, 100 μg/L BPF significantly increased T and T levels by 2.05 and 1.14 times, and induced pathological changes of thyroid follicles. The changes in the expression levels of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis further illustrated that BPF and BPS had significant adverse effects on THs homeostasis and thyroid function in zebrafish. Therefore, TTR immunoassays could be used for the evaluation of thyroid-disrupting effects in fish and BPF exhibited greater disruption than BPS.
甲状腺干扰化学物质（TDCs）因其对甲状腺激素（THs）的不利影响而引起了极大的关注。在这项研究中，我们研究了两种主要的 BPA 替代品双酚 F（BPF）和双酚 S（BPS）对成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的甲状腺干扰作用。首先，制备了抗转甲状腺素蛋白（TTR）单克隆抗体（抗-TTR mAb），并将其用于建立间接 ELISA，其工作范围为 15.6∼1000ng/mL，检测限为 6.1ng/mL。基于抗-TTR mAb 的免疫测定表明，暴露于 BPF（10 和 100μg/L）和 BPS（100μg/L）显著增加了血浆、肝脏和脑组织中 TTR 蛋白的水平。此外，免疫荧光显示，100μg/L BPF 和 BPS 诱导了肝脏和脑组织中 TTR 蛋白的产生。此外，BPF 和 BPS 增加了成年雌性斑马鱼中 THs 的水平并破坏了甲状腺组织的结构。特别是，100μg/L BPF 使 T 和 T 的水平分别增加了 2.05 倍和 1.14 倍，并诱导了甲状腺滤泡的病理变化。涉及下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴的基因表达水平的变化进一步说明了 BPF 和 BPS 对 THs 稳态和斑马鱼甲状腺功能具有显著的不良影响。因此，TTR 免疫测定可用于评估鱼类的甲状腺干扰作用，并且 BPF 表现出比 BPS 更大的干扰作用。
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