New techniques in cardiac imaging with ultrasound: state of the art.

Two-dimensional real-time ultrasonic imaging in the diagnosis of acquired and congenital cardiac lesions is reviewed. This technique provides anatomically correct cross-sectional images and demonstrates movements of valve leaflets and segments of heart walls. The imaging of blood flow through the use of ultrasonic contrast agents and the application of pulsed Doppler principles is also reviewed, and future trends are discussed.