Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 20;944:173799. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173799. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
Micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution as a global environmental issue has received increasing interest in recent years. MNPs can enter and accumulate in the organisms including human beings mainly via ingestion and inhalation, and large amounts of foodborne MNPs have been frequently detected in human intestinal tracts and fecal samples. MNPs regulate the structure composition and metabolic functions of gut microbiota, which may cause the imbalance of intestinal ecosystems of the hosts and further mediate the occurrence and development of various diseases. In addition, a growing number of MNPs-degrading strains have been isolated from organismal feces. MNPs-degraders colonize the plastic surfaces and form the biofilms, and the long-chain polymers of MNPs can be biologically depolymerized into short chains. In general, MNPs are gradually degraded into small molecule substances (e.g., N, CH, HO, and CO) via a series of enzymatic catalyses, mainly including biodeterioration, fragmentation, assimilation, and mineralization. In this review, we outline the current progress of MNPs effects on gut microbiota and MNPs degradation by gut microbiota, which provide a certain theoretical basis for fully understanding the knowledge gaps on MNPs-related biological effect and biodegradation.
微纳米塑料（MNPs）污染作为一个全球性的环境问题，近年来受到了越来越多的关注。MNPs 主要通过摄入和吸入进入并在生物体中积累，包括人类，并且在人类肠道和粪便样本中经常检测到大量的食物来源的 MNPs。MNPs 调节肠道微生物组的结构组成和代谢功能，这可能导致宿主肠道生态系统失衡，并进一步介导各种疾病的发生和发展。此外，越来越多的能够降解 MNPs 的菌株已从生物体粪便中分离出来。MNPs 降解菌定植在塑料表面并形成生物膜，MNPs 的长链聚合物可以被生物解聚成短链。一般来说，MNPs 通过一系列酶促反应逐渐降解为小分子物质（例如 N、CH、HO 和 CO），主要包括生物降解、碎片化、同化和矿化。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 MNPs 对肠道微生物组的影响以及肠道微生物组对 MNPs 的降解作用的最新进展，为充分了解 MNPs 相关的生物学效应和生物降解的知识空白提供了一定的理论依据。
