Mogavero Maria P, DelRosso Lourdes M, Lanza Giuseppe, Bruni Oliviero, Ferini Strambi Luigi, Ferri Raffaele
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Apr;34(2):e14265. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14265. Epub 2024 Jun 9.
Sleep is a complex physiological state characterized by distinct stages, each exhibiting unique electroencephalographic patterns and physiological phenomena. Sleep research has unveiled the presence of intricate cyclic-periodic phenomena during both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep stages. These phenomena encompass a spectrum of rhythmic oscillations and periodic events, including cyclic alternating pattern, periodic leg movements during sleep, respiratory-related events such as apneas, and heart rate variability. This narrative review synthesizes empirical findings and theoretical frameworks to elucidate the dynamics, interplay and implications of cyclic-periodic phenomena within the context of sleep physiology. Furthermore, it invokes the clinical relevance of these phenomena in the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders.
睡眠是一种复杂的生理状态，其特征在于不同的阶段，每个阶段都表现出独特的脑电图模式和生理现象。睡眠研究揭示了在非快速眼动和快速眼动睡眠阶段都存在复杂的周期性现象。这些现象包括一系列有节奏的振荡和周期性事件，如周期性交替模式、睡眠期间的周期性腿部运动、呼吸相关事件（如呼吸暂停）以及心率变异性。这篇叙述性综述综合了实证研究结果和理论框架，以阐明睡眠生理学背景下周期性现象的动态变化、相互作用及其影响。此外，还探讨了这些现象在睡眠障碍诊断和管理中的临床相关性。
