Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2024 Dec;44(1):2362962. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2362962. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can have negative effects on both the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, as well as the long-term health of the mother and the child. It has been suggested that exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of developing GDM. This study investigated the relationship between exposure to air pollutants with gestational diabetes.
The present study is a retrospective cohort study. We used data from a randomised community trial conducted between September 2016 and January 2019 in Iran. During this period, data on air pollutant levels of five cities investigated in the original study, including 6090 pregnant women, were available. Concentrations of ozone (O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter < 2.5 (PM) or <10 μm (PM) were obtained from air pollution monitoring stations. Exposure to air pollutants during the three months preceding pregnancy and the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy for each participant was estimated. The odds ratio was calculated based on logistic regression in three adjusted models considering different confounders. Only results that had a < .05 were considered statistically significant.
None of the logistic regression models showed any statistically significant relationship between the exposure to any of the pollutants and GDM at different time points (before pregnancy, in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and 12 months in total) ( > .05). Also, none of the adjusted logistic regression models showed any significant association between PM exposure and GDM risk at all different time points after adjusting for various confounders ( > .05).
This study found no association between GDM risk and exposure to various air pollutants before and during the different trimesters of pregnancy. This result should be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of considering all of the potential confounders.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）会对妊娠和围产期结局以及母婴的长期健康产生负面影响。有研究表明，暴露于空气污染可能会增加患 GDM 的风险。本研究旨在探讨空气污染物暴露与妊娠期糖尿病之间的关系。
本研究为回顾性队列研究。我们使用了 2016 年 9 月至 2019 年 1 月期间在伊朗进行的一项随机社区试验的数据。在此期间，我们获得了参与原始研究的五个城市的空气污染物水平数据，共涉及 6090 名孕妇。我们从空气污染监测站获得了臭氧（O）、一氧化氮（NO）、二氧化氮（NO）、氮氧化物（NOx）、二氧化硫（SO）、一氧化碳（CO）、<2.5μm（PM）或<10μm（PM）的颗粒物浓度。根据每个参与者在妊娠前三个月和妊娠第一、二、三个月期间的暴露情况进行估计。在三个调整模型中，基于逻辑回归计算了暴露于空气污染物与不同时间点（妊娠前、妊娠第一、二、三个月和妊娠 12 个月）的 GDM 之间的比值比。仅在具有统计学意义的结果中（<0.05）才被认为具有统计学意义。
在逻辑回归模型中，在不同时间点（妊娠前、妊娠第一、二、三个月和妊娠 12 个月），暴露于任何污染物与 GDM 之间均未显示出任何统计学上的显著关系（>0.05）。此外，在调整了各种混杂因素后，在所有不同时间点，PM 暴露与 GDM 风险之间的调整后逻辑回归模型均未显示出任何显著关联（>0.05）。
本研究未发现 GDM 风险与妊娠前和妊娠不同阶段暴露于各种空气污染物之间存在关联。由于未考虑所有潜在的混杂因素，因此应谨慎解释这一结果。
