Matthys H, Erhardt J, Rühle K H
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1985 Mar 2;115(9):307-11.
The antitussive effect of several antitussive agents has been objectively evaluated in patients with chronic stable cough due to bronchial carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients received the active antitussive drugs or placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. The preparations were administered at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. on 7 consecutive nights and no antitussive was given for the following 20 hours. Cough frequency and intensity were recorded from 10 p.m. until 6 a.m. The active medications were noscapine (30 mg), dextromethorphan (20 mg), dihydrocodeine (30 mg) and codeine (20, 30 and 60 mg) at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Cough frequency and intensity were objectively assessed with a pressure transducer placed over the trachea and recorded on a chartrecorder. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and multiple range testing. Noscapine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine and codeine (60 mg) significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced the cough frequency compared to placebo. They also produced a greater reduction of cough intensity than placebo, codeine (20 mg) and codeine (30 mg) (p less than 0.001). The duration of action of low-dose codeine (6 hours) was unsatisfactory. Subjective preference for dextromethorphan indicates a psychotropic central nervous action of this drug not assessed by the measuring device. Noscapine was equally well tolerated but more neutral psychologically.
已对几种镇咳药在因支气管癌、肺结核或慢性阻塞性肺疾病引起的慢性稳定咳嗽患者中的镇咳效果进行了客观评估。患者采用双盲、随机交叉设计接受活性镇咳药或安慰剂。制剂在连续7个晚上的晚上10点和凌晨2点给药，接下来的20小时不给镇咳药。从晚上10点到早上6点记录咳嗽频率和强度。活性药物在晚上10点和凌晨2点分别为那可丁（30毫克）、右美沙芬（20毫克）、二氢可待因（30毫克）和可待因（20、30和60毫克）。通过放置在气管上的压力传感器客观评估咳嗽频率和强度，并记录在图表记录仪上。采用方差分析和多重极差检验进行统计分析。与安慰剂相比，那可丁、右美沙芬、二氢可待因和可待因（60毫克）显著（p小于0.001）降低了咳嗽频率。它们还比安慰剂以及可待因（20毫克）和可待因（30毫克）更能降低咳嗽强度（p小于0.001）。低剂量可待因（6小时）的作用持续时间不尽人意。对右美沙芬的主观偏好表明该药物具有一种未被测量装置评估的精神性中枢神经作用。那可丁的耐受性同样良好，但在心理上更为中性。
