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2021 年 5 月至 2021 年 12 月美国献血者按行业和工作安排分布的 COVID-19 缓解措施。

Distribution of COVID-19 mitigation measures by industry and work arrangement-US blood donors, May 2021-December 2021.

机构信息

Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Division of Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

出版信息

Am J Ind Med. 2024 Aug;67(8):764-771. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23626. Epub 2024 Jun 10.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation measures in workplaces of employed US blood donors by industry and work arrangement.

METHODS

During May-December 2021, blood donors responded to a survey; we describe the distribution of reported workplace mitigation measures by industry and work arrangement, organized using the hierarchy of controls.

RESULTS

Of 53,433 respondents representing 21 industries, ventilation upgrades were reported by 4%-38% of respondents (overall: 20%); telework access ranged from 14%-80% (53% overall). Requiring masks (overall: 84%; range: 40%-94%), physical distancing (77%; 51%-86%), paid leave for illness (70%; 38%-87%), and encouraging vaccination (61%; 33%-80%) were common. Independent workers reported fewer mitigation measures than those in traditional employment settings.

CONCLUSIONS

Mitigation measures varied by industry and work arrangement. Some mitigation measures may be challenging to implement or irrelevant in certain industries, supporting the idea that mitigation is not a one-size-fits-all strategy.

POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Tailored strategies to mitigate workplace risks of disease transmission are vital. Strategies should rely on effective methods for identifying workplace controls (e.g., through the hierarchy of controls) and account for industry-specific characteristics and workplace environments.

摘要

目的

按行业和工作安排描述美国在职献血者工作场所 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)缓解措施。

方法

在 2021 年 5 月至 12 月期间,献血者对一项调查做出了回应;我们根据控制层次结构描述了按行业和工作安排报告的工作场所缓解措施的分布情况。

结果

在代表 21 个行业的 53433 名应答者中,有 4%-38%(总体为 20%)的应答者报告了通风系统升级;远程办公的机会范围从 14%-80%(总体为 53%)。普遍要求戴口罩(总体为 84%;范围为 40%-94%)、保持身体距离(77%;51%-86%)、支付病假工资(70%;38%-87%)和鼓励接种疫苗(61%;33%-80%)。与传统雇佣环境中的员工相比,独立员工报告的缓解措施较少。

结论

缓解措施因行业和工作安排而异。某些缓解措施在某些行业可能难以实施或不相关,这支持了缓解不是一刀切的策略的观点。

政策意义

制定有针对性的策略来减轻工作场所疾病传播的风险至关重要。策略应依赖于识别工作场所控制的有效方法(例如,通过控制层次结构),并考虑到特定行业的特点和工作场所环境。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/88bd/11265519/4abbefe64911/nihms-2007705-f0001.jpg

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