Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada.
Prev Med. 2024 Aug;185:108037. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108037. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
Physical activity supportive environments have the potential to promote health-related fitness in adults. However, the extent to which neighbourhood built characteristics promote health-related fitness via physical activity has received little research attention. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the indirect and direct effects between neighbourhood built characteristics and health-related fitness mediated by physical activity.
Using cross-sectional data collected between 2014 and 2019, we merged neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness variables, derived from two Canadian national databases. Using these data, we estimated sex-stratified covariate-adjusted path models (males: n = 983 to 2796 and females: n = 962 to 2835) to assess if accelerometer-measured light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity mediated associations between objectively measured neighbourhood built characteristics (intersection density, dwelling density, points of interest, and transit density) and health-related fitness (grip strength, jump height, V̇O, and flexibility). Across 16 sex-specific models, we estimated 48 indirect and 16 direct effects.
Concerning significant associations, for males we found that 16.6% of indirect and 18.8% of direct were negative and 4.2% of indirect and 0% of direct were positive. For females, we found that 12.5% of indirect and 0% of direct were negative and 0% of indirect and 25% of direct effects were positive.
Individual Canadian Active Living Environment built characteristics are positively associated with moderate-intensity physical activity and negatively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Further, associations between activity friendly neighbourhood characteristics and health related-fitness may be distinct from physical activity.
有利于身体活动的环境有可能促进成年人的健康相关体能。然而，关于邻里建成环境特征通过身体活动促进健康相关体能的程度，研究关注甚少。因此，我们的目标是估计邻里建成环境特征与通过身体活动介导的健康相关体能之间的间接和直接影响。
使用 2014 年至 2019 年期间收集的横断面数据，我们合并了邻里建成环境特征、身体活动和健康相关体能变量，这些变量来自加拿大的两个国家数据库。利用这些数据，我们估计了性别分层协变量调整的路径模型（男性：n=983 至 2796；女性：n=962 至 2835），以评估加速度计测量的低强度、中强度和高强度身体活动是否介导了客观测量的邻里建成环境特征（交叉口密度、住宅密度、兴趣点和交通密度）与健康相关体能（握力、跳跃高度、摄氧量和柔韧性）之间的关联。在 16 个性别特异性模型中，我们估计了 48 个间接效应和 16 个直接效应。
关于显著关联，对于男性，我们发现 16.6%的间接效应和 18.8%的直接效应为负，4.2%的间接效应和 0%的直接效应为正。对于女性，我们发现 12.5%的间接效应和 0%的直接效应为负，0%的间接效应和 25%的直接效应为正。
加拿大个体积极生活环境的建成特征与中强度身体活动呈正相关，与低强度身体活动呈负相关。此外，活动友好型邻里特征与健康相关体能之间的关联可能与身体活动不同。
