Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2017 Jun;37(6):175-185. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.6.01.
The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between neighbourhood built environment characteristics and transportation walking (TW), recreational walking (RW), and moderate-intensity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) in adults independent of sociodemographic characteristics and residential self-selection (i.e. the reasons related to physical activity associated with a person's choice of neighbourhood).
In 2007 and 2008, 4423 Calgary adults completed land-based telephone interviews capturing physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for residential self-selection. Using spatial data, we estimated population density, proportion of green space, path/cycleway length, business density, bus stop density, city-managed tree density, sidewalk length, park type mix and recreational destination mix within a 1.6 km street network distance from the participants' geolocated residential postal code. Generalized linear models estimated the associations between neighbourhood built environment characteristics and weekly neighbourhood-based physical activity participation (≥ 10 minutes/week; odds ratios [ORs]) and, among those who reported participation, duration of activity (unstandardized beta coefficients [B]).
The sample included more women (59.7%) than men (40.3%) and the mean (standard deviation) age was 47.1 (15.6) years. TW participation was associated with intersection (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.20) and business (OR = 1.52; 1.29 to 1.78) density, and sidewalk length (OR = 1.19; 1.09 to 1.29), while TW minutes was associated with business (B = 19.24 minutes/week; 11.28 to 27.20) and tree (B = 6.51; 2.29 to 10.72 minutes/week) density, and recreational destination mix (B = -8.88 minutes/ week; -12.49 to -5.28). RW participation was associated with path/cycleway length (OR = 1.17; 1.05 to 1.31). MPA participation was associated with recreational destination mix (OR = 1.09; 1.01 to 1.17) and sidewalk length (OR = 1.10; 1.02 to 1.19); however, MPA minutes was negatively associated with population density (B = -8.65 minutes/ week; -15.32 to -1.98). VPA participation was associated with sidewalk length (OR = 1.11; 1.02 to 1.20), path/cycleway length (OR = 1.12; 1.02 to 1.24) and proportion of neighbourhood green space (OR = 0.89; 0.82 to 0.98). VPA minutes was associated with tree density (B = 7.28 minutes/week; 0.39 to 14.17).
Some neighbourhood built environment characteristics appear important for supporting physical activity participation while others may be more supportive of increasing physical activity duration. Modifications that increase the density of utilitarian destinations and the quantity of available sidewalks in established neighbourhoods could increase overall levels of neighbourhood-based physical activity.
本研究旨在评估社区建成环境特征与成年人交通步行（TW）、休闲步行（RW）、中强度（MPA）和高强度体力活动（VPA）之间的关联，而这些关联不受社会人口特征和居住自选择的影响（即与体力活动相关的与个人选择居住社区有关的原因）。
2007 年和 2008 年，4423 名卡尔加里成年人完成了基于地面的电话访谈，内容包括体力活动、社会人口特征和居住自选择的原因。我们利用空间数据，估算了参与者所在地邮政编码 1.6 公里街道网络内的人口密度、绿地比例、步道/自行车道长度、商业密度、公交站密度、城市管理树木密度、人行道长度、公园类型组合和休闲目的地组合。广义线性模型估计了社区建成环境特征与每周社区为基础的体力活动参与（每周≥10 分钟；比值比[ORs]）之间的关联，以及在报告参与的人群中，活动持续时间（未标准化的β系数[B]）之间的关联。
样本包括更多的女性（59.7%），而男性（40.3%），平均（标准差）年龄为 47.1（15.6）岁。TW 参与与交叉口（OR=1.11；95%CI：1.03 至 1.20）和商业（OR=1.52；1.29 至 1.78）密度以及人行道长度（OR=1.19；1.09 至 1.29）相关，而 TW 分钟与商业（B=19.24 分钟/周；11.28 至 27.20）和树木（B=6.51；2.29 至 10.72 分钟/周）密度以及休闲目的地组合（B=-8.88 分钟/周；-12.49 至-5.28 分钟/周）相关。RW 参与与步道/自行车道长度（OR=1.17；1.05 至 1.31）相关。MPA 参与与休闲目的地组合（OR=1.09；1.01 至 1.17）和人行道长度（OR=1.10；1.02 至 1.19）相关；然而，MPA 分钟与人口密度呈负相关（B=-8.65 分钟/周；-15.32 至-1.98 分钟/周）。VPA 参与与人行道长度（OR=1.11；1.02 至 1.20）、步道/自行车道长度（OR=1.12；1.02 至 1.24）和社区绿地比例（OR=0.89；0.82 至 0.98）相关。VPA 分钟与树木密度（B=7.28 分钟/周；0.39 至 14.17 分钟/周）相关。
一些社区建成环境特征似乎对支持体力活动参与很重要，而另一些特征可能更有利于增加体力活动持续时间。在已建成的社区中增加实用目的地的密度和可用人行道的数量的改进措施可能会提高社区为基础的体力活动的整体水平。
