Xu Xinyi Y I, Xie Guoda, Ma Jinlou, Ying Lei, Yuan Jinpeng, Huang Zhixiang, Sha Wei E I
Opt Express. 2024 Jun 3;32(12):21755-21766. doi: 10.1364/OE.523897.
Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms is an emerging technology for precise measurement of electric fields. However, most existing computational methods are all based on a single-particle model and neglect Rydberg-Rydberg interaction between atoms. In this study, we introduce the interaction term into the conventional four-level optical Bloch equations. By incorporating fast iterations and solving for the steady-state solution efficiently, we avoid the computation of a massive 4 × 4 dimensional matrix. Additionally, we apply the Doppler frequency shift to each atom used in the calculation, eliminating the requirement for an additional Doppler iteration. These schemes allow for the calculation of the interaction between 7000 atoms around one minute. Based on the many-body model, we investigate the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction of Rydberg atoms under different atomic densities. Furthermore, we compare our results with the literature data of a three-level system and the experimental results of our own four-level system. The results demonstrate the validity of our model, with an effective error of 4.59% compared to the experimental data. Finally, we discover that the many-body model better predicts the linear range for measuring electric fields than the single-particle model, making it highly applicable in precise electric field measurements.
利用里德堡原子进行量子传感是一种用于精确测量电场的新兴技术。然而，现有的大多数计算方法都基于单粒子模型，忽略了原子间的里德堡-里德堡相互作用。在本研究中，我们将相互作用项引入传统的四能级光学布洛赫方程。通过纳入快速迭代并有效地求解稳态解，我们避免了对大规模4×4维矩阵的计算。此外，我们对计算中使用的每个原子应用多普勒频移，消除了额外的多普勒迭代需求。这些方案能够在大约一分钟内计算7000个原子之间的相互作用。基于多体模型，我们研究了不同原子密度下里德堡原子的里德堡-里德堡相互作用。此外，我们将我们的结果与一个三能级系统的文献数据以及我们自己的四能级系统的实验结果进行了比较。结果证明了我们模型的有效性，与实验数据相比有效误差为4.59%。最后，我们发现多体模型比单粒子模型更能准确预测测量电场的线性范围，使其在精确电场测量中具有高度适用性。
