Li Yifan, Kang Juying, Zhang Xiaojuan
Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxi Province Carcinoma Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Carcinoma Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Carcinoma Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi, PR China.
Department of Information, Shanxi Province Carcinoma Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Carcinoma Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Carcinoma Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi, PR China.
Am J Cancer Res. 2024 May 15;14(5):2570-2583. doi: 10.62347/NFDL2398. eCollection 2024.
Cholangiocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer originating from the bile ducts in the liver, poses a significant challenge for treatment. However, the emergence of precision medicine has brought newfound hope for more effective therapies. Several precision medicine approaches have demonstrated promise in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. One such approach is targeted therapy, which involves utilizing drugs that specifically target the genetic mutations or alterations present in the tumor cells. In the case of cholangiocarcinoma, mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes are frequently observed. Immunotherapy is another precision medicine approach being explored for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab can be used to bolster the body's immune response against cancer cells. While the response to immunotherapy can vary among individuals, studies have shown promising results, particularly in patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or microsatellite instability. Moreover, molecular profiling of cholangiocarcinoma tumors can play a crucial role in identifying potential targets for precision medicine. Through advanced next-generation sequencing techniques, specific gene alterations or dysregulations in pathways can be identified, potentially guiding treatment decisions. This personalized approach enables tailored treatment plans based on the unique genetic characteristics of each patient's tumor. In conclusion, the advent of precision medicine has opened up new avenues for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have exhibited promising results, and further molecular profiling is expected to uncover additional therapeutic options. Such advancements represent a significant step forward in the quest to enhance outcomes for individuals affected by cholangiocarcinoma.
胆管癌是一种起源于肝脏胆管的罕见且侵袭性强的癌症形式，对治疗构成重大挑战。然而，精准医学的出现为更有效的治疗带来了新的希望。几种精准医学方法在胆管癌治疗中已显示出前景。一种这样的方法是靶向治疗，它涉及使用专门针对肿瘤细胞中存在的基因突变或改变的药物。在胆管癌病例中，经常观察到异柠檬酸脱氢酶1（IDH1）和异柠檬酸脱氢酶2（IDH2）基因的突变。免疫疗法是正在探索用于治疗胆管癌的另一种精准医学方法。像派姆单抗和纳武单抗这样的免疫检查点抑制剂可用于增强机体对癌细胞的免疫反应。虽然个体对免疫疗法的反应可能不同，但研究已显示出有希望的结果，特别是在肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞水平高或微卫星不稳定的患者中。此外，胆管癌肿瘤的分子谱分析在确定精准医学的潜在靶点方面可发挥关键作用。通过先进的下一代测序技术，可以识别通路中的特定基因改变或失调，这可能指导治疗决策。这种个性化方法能够根据每个患者肿瘤的独特基因特征制定量身定制的治疗方案。总之，精准医学的出现为胆管癌治疗开辟了新途径。靶向治疗和免疫疗法已展现出有希望的结果，进一步的分子谱分析有望发现更多治疗选择。这些进展代表了在提高受胆管癌影响个体的治疗效果的探索中向前迈出的重要一步。
