Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Med Vet Entomol. 2024 Dec;38(4):440-448. doi: 10.1111/mve.12734. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Some dipteran flies play an important role in the transmission of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and metazoan parasites in humans and other animals. Despite this importance, knowledge of the prevalence and molecular characteristics of some pathogens in flies is limited, and no data are available for Türkiye. In this study, we investigated the possible vector role of muscid fly species for the transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes (Chytridiopsida: Enterocytozoonidae), Encephalitozoon spp., Coxiella burnetii Derrick (Legionellales: Coxiellaceae) and Thelazia spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The flies were trapped in different animal-related places and surroundings from two different geographical regions of Türkiye including Central Anatolia and Middle Black Sea. According to the morphological keys, 850 (85%), 141 (14.1%) and 6 (0.6%) of the total of 1000 fly specimens identified as Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) and Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae), respectively. The other species including Haematobia irritans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), Muscina stabulans Fallén (Diptera: Muscidae) and Hydrotaea ignava Harris (Diptera: Muscidae) were each represented by a single specimen. Screening of the pathogens identified E. bieneusi only in M. domestica with a prevalence of 2.4%. Sequence analyses identified three known genotypes, Type IV, BEB6 and BEB8, and one novel genotype named AEUEb of E. bieneusi in M. domestica. Coxiella burnetii was detected in M. domestica and S. calcitrans with prevalences of 2.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The one specimen of H. ignava was also positive for C. burnetii. Encephalitozoon spp. and Thelazia spp. were not found in the examined specimens. Our results contribute to the current knowledge on the vector potential of muscid flies and their possible role in the transmission dynamics of certain pathogens, especially in regions where diseases are prevalent and affect public and animal health.
一些双翅目蝇类在人类和其他动物中病毒、细菌、真菌、原生动物和后生动物寄生虫等病原体的传播中起着重要作用。尽管如此，对于某些病原体在蝇类中的流行程度和分子特征的了解有限，并且土耳其没有相关数据。在这项研究中，我们使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和序列分析调查了来自土耳其两个不同地理区域（中安纳托利亚和中黑海）的不同动物相关场所和周围环境中虻科蝇类传播肠上皮细胞内原生动物（Chytridiopsida: Enterocytozoonidae）、脑炎原虫、柯克斯体和眼线虫的可能性。根据形态学关键特征，总共 1000 只蝇类标本中，有 850 只（85%）鉴定为家蝇（双翅目：蝇科），141 只（14.1%）鉴定为厩螫蝇（双翅目：蝇科），6 只（0.6%）鉴定为秋家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）。其他物种包括厩蝇、厩螫蝇和沼泽蝇，每种仅代表一个标本。病原体筛查仅在家蝇中发现肠上皮细胞内原生动物，阳性率为 2.4%。序列分析鉴定出三种已知基因型，即 IV 型、BEB6 和 BEB8，以及在家蝇中发现的一种新基因型 AEUEb。在家蝇和厩螫蝇中检测到柯克斯体，阳性率分别为 2.9%和 2.8%。一只沼泽蝇标本也检测到柯克斯体。未在检查的标本中发现脑炎原虫和眼线虫。我们的研究结果有助于了解虻科蝇类的媒介潜力及其在某些病原体传播动态中的可能作用，特别是在疾病流行并影响公共和动物健康的地区。
