Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
Nutrition. 2024 Sep;125:112491. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112491. Epub 2024 May 6.
The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with diabetes in Korean adults and to investigate their association with diabetes risk in both a cross-sectional and prospective study.
Predefined food groups collected by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2015-2018, n = 19 721) were entered in a reduced rank regression (RRR) model, followed by stepwise linear regression analyses to identify the most predictive dietary patterns. We evaluated the construct validity of dietary patterns in two independent samples from KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (n = 14 223) and the Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort study (n = 30 013). Associations between dietary patterns and diabetes risk were examined using multivariable regression and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.
A dietary pattern was identified with high positive loadings for refined white rice, kimchi and salted vegetables, wheat flour and bread, and seasonings, and high negative loadings for whole grains, legumes with tofu and soymilk, poultry, eggs, and plant oils. The higher pattern scores were significantly associated with diabetes risk in KNHANES 2015 to 2018 (male: odds ratio [OR]: 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 1.88; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.52), KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (male: OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.69; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54), and HEXA study (male: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.34; female: HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.52).
Dietary patterns derived by RRR followed by stepwise linear regression analyses were associated with increased risks of diabetes among Korean adults.
本研究旨在确定与韩国成年人糖尿病相关的饮食模式，并在横断面和前瞻性研究中探讨其与糖尿病风险的关系。
通过韩国国家健康与营养调查（KNHANES 2015-2018，n=19721）收集的预先确定的食物组被纳入简化秩回归（RRR）模型，然后进行逐步线性回归分析以确定最具预测性的饮食模式。我们在来自 KNHANES 2019 至 2021 年的两个独立样本（n=14223）和健康受检者（HEXA）队列研究（n=30013）中评估了饮食模式的结构效度。使用多变量回归和多变量调整的 Cox 比例风险模型分别检查饮食模式与糖尿病风险之间的关系。
确定了一种饮食模式，其高正负荷与精制白米、泡菜和咸菜、小麦粉和面包以及调味料有关，而与全谷物、豆腐和豆浆中的豆类、家禽、鸡蛋和植物油的高负负荷有关。较高的模式得分与 KNHANES 2015 至 2018 年（男性：比值比[OR]：1.59；95%置信区间[CI]：1.35，1.88；女性：OR：1.37；95%CI：1.18，1.52）、KNHANES 2019 至 2021 年（男性：OR：1.47；95%CI：1.01，1.69；女性：OR：1.37；95%CI：1.18，1.54）和 HEXA 研究（男性：风险比[HR]：1.10；95%CI：1.01，1.34；女性：HR：1.24；95%CI：1.02，1.52）中糖尿病风险增加相关。
通过 RRR 随后进行逐步线性回归分析得出的饮食模式与韩国成年人糖尿病风险增加有关。
