Okonta Kelechi E, Okonta Emeka M
Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2023 Feb 24;63(5):373-377. eCollection 2022 Sep-Oct.
The data on the epidemiology of lung cancer in Niger delta states is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to determine the epidemiological profile of lung cancer in two Niger Delta states in Nigeria.
This was a retrospective analysis of all patients managed for histologically diagnosed lung cancer from Jan 2014 to Dec 2019 at two tertiary hospitals in Niger Delta states of Nigeria. The demographics, diagnoses, results of investigations, and outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Forty-three patients were reviewed with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1 and an age range between 13-89 years with a mean of 53.5+17.0 years. The following number of patients; 1(2.3%), 26(60.5%), 4 (9.3%) and 12(27.9%) were distributed according into the following age groups ;< 20, 20-59, 60-64 and >65 respectively. Eleven (25.6%) patients were smokers. The commonest symptoms were dyspnoea in 39(90.7%), cough in 35(81.4%), weight loss in 29(67.4%), chest pain in 28(65.1%), and change in voice (hoarseness of voice) in 8(18.6%); while the signs were respiratory distress in 33(76.7%), digital clubbing in 8(18.6%), superior vena cava syndrome in 2(4.7%).The left lung was commonly affected in 24(55.8%) patients, and the left upper lobe was the most common in 21 (20.2%), while the right upper lobe was the least in 13(12.6%) patients. The histological types were Adenocarcinoma in 26(60.5%), squamous cell carcinoma in 15(34.9%) patients, and small cell carcinoma in 2(4.7%) patients. Fifteen (34.9%) patients had elevated platelets. The modalities of pathologic diagnoses were: Mini-Thoracotomy10 (23.3%), Tru-cut biopsy 28 (65.1%), and Bronchoscopy 5 (11.6%).The mortality rate after six months following lung cancer diagnosis was 7(16.2%).
In our environment, lung cancer may have a bimodal distribution, peaking in the middle age group and elderly patients who were mainly non-smokers. Elevation of platelets was observed in a significant number of patients.
尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区肺癌流行病学数据匮乏。因此，本研究旨在确定尼日利亚两个尼日尔三角洲州肺癌的流行病学特征。
这是一项对2014年1月至2019年12月在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲州两家三级医院接受组织学确诊肺癌治疗的所有患者的回顾性分析。使用描述性统计分析人口统计学、诊断、检查结果和结局。
共纳入43例患者，男女比例为1.5:1，年龄范围在13 - 89岁之间，平均年龄为53.5±17.0岁。患者按年龄组分布如下：<20岁1例（2.3%），20 - 59岁26例（60.5%），60 - 64岁4例（9.3%），>65岁12例（27.9%）。11例（25.6%）患者为吸烟者。最常见的症状为呼吸困难39例（90.7%）、咳嗽35例（81.4%）、体重减轻29例（67.4%）、胸痛28例（65.1%）、声音改变（声音嘶哑）8例（18.6%）；体征为呼吸窘迫33例（76.7%）、杵状指8例（18.6%）、上腔静脉综合征2例（4.7%）。24例（55.8%）患者左肺受累最常见，其中左上叶最常见21例（20.2%），右上叶最少见13例（12.6%）。组织学类型为腺癌26例（60.5%）、鳞状细胞癌15例（34.9%）、小细胞癌2例（4.7%）。15例（34.9%）患者血小板升高。病理诊断方式为：胸腔镜活检10例（23.3%）、粗针穿刺活检28例（65.1%）、支气管镜检查5例（11.6%）。肺癌诊断后6个月的死亡率为7例（16.2%）。
在我们所处的环境中，肺癌可能呈双峰分布，在中年组和老年患者中达到高峰，且这些患者主要为非吸烟者。相当数量患者出现血小板升高。
