Zhu Yiying
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Protein Pept Lett. 2024;31(3):192-208. doi: 10.2174/0109298665286952240212053723.
Human blood is a window of physiology and disease. Examination of biomarkers in blood is a common clinical procedure, which can be informative in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, and in evaluating treatment effectiveness. There is still a huge demand on new blood biomarkers and assays for precision medicine nowadays, therefore plasma/serum proteomics has attracted increasing attention in recent years. How to effectively proceed with the biomarker discovery and clinical diagnostic assay development is a question raised to researchers who are interested in this area. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the background and advancement of technologies for blood proteomics, with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS). Analyzing existing blood biomarkers and newly-built diagnostic assays based on MS can shed light on developing new biomarkers and analytical methods. We summarize various protein analytes in plasma/serum which include total proteome, protein post-translational modifications, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on their corresponding sample preparation methods for MS analysis. We propose screening multiple protein analytes in the same set of blood samples in order to increase success rate for biomarker discovery. We also review the trends of MS techniques for blood tests including sample preparation automation, and further provide our perspectives on their future directions.
人体血液是生理学和疾病的窗口。检测血液中的生物标志物是一种常见的临床操作，这对于疾病的诊断、预后以及评估治疗效果都具有参考价值。如今，精准医学对新型血液生物标志物和检测方法仍有巨大需求，因此血浆/血清蛋白质组学近年来受到了越来越多的关注。如何有效地进行生物标志物的发现以及临床诊断检测方法的开发，是该领域研究人员面临的一个问题。在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了血液蛋白质组学技术的背景和进展，重点关注质谱（MS）技术。分析现有的血液生物标志物以及基于质谱的新型诊断检测方法，有助于开发新的生物标志物和分析方法。我们总结了血浆/血清中的各种蛋白质分析物，包括总蛋白质组、蛋白质翻译后修饰以及细胞外囊泡，并重点介绍了它们相应的用于质谱分析的样品制备方法。我们建议在同一组血液样本中筛选多种蛋白质分析物，以提高生物标志物发现的成功率。我们还综述了血液检测中质谱技术的发展趋势，包括样品制备自动化，并进一步对其未来发展方向提出了我们的观点。
