Department of Agroforestry & Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Jun 13;24(1):545. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05219-w.
The accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain poses a significant health concern in Bangladesh. To address this, we investigated the efficacy of various organic amendments and phytoremediation techniques in reducing As buildup in O. sativa. We evaluated the impact of five doses of biochar (BC; BC: 0.1%, BC: 0.28%, BC: 0.55%, BC: 0.82% and BC: 1.0%, w/w), vermicompost (VC; VC: 1.0%, VC: 1.8%, VC: 3.0%, VC: 4.2% and VC: 5.0%, w/w), and floating duckweed (DW; DW: 100, DW: 160, DW: 250, DW: 340 and DW: 400 g m) on O. sativa cultivated in As-contaminated soil. Employing a three-factor five-level central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM), we optimized the application rates of BC-VC-DW. Our findings revealed that As contamination in the soil negatively impacted O. sativa growth. However, the addition of BC, VC, and DW significantly enhanced plant morphological parameters, SPAD value, and grain yield per pot. Notably, a combination of moderate BC-DW and high VC (BCVCDW) increased grain yield by 44.4% compared to the control (BCVCDW). As contamination increased root, straw, and grain As levels, and oxidative stress in O. sativa leaves. However, treatment BCVCDW significantly reduced grain As (G-As) by 56%, leaf hydrogen peroxide by 71%, and malondialdehyde by 50% compared to the control. Lower doses of BC-VC-DW (BCVCDW) increased antioxidant enzyme activities, while moderate to high doses resulted in a decline in these activities. Bioconcentration and translocation factors below 1 indicated limited As uptake and translocation in plant tissues. Through RSM optimization, we determined that optimal doses of BC (0.76%), VC (4.62%), and DW (290.0 g m) could maximize grain yield (32.96 g pot, 44% higher than control) and minimize G-As content (0.189 mg kg, 54% lower than control). These findings underscore effective strategies for enhancing yield and reducing As accumulation in grains from contaminated areas, thereby ensuring agricultural productivity, human health, and long-term sustainability. Overall, our study contributes to safer food production and improved public health in As-affected regions.
在孟加拉国，大米（Oryza sativa L.）中砷（As）的积累对健康构成了重大威胁。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了各种有机改良剂和植物修复技术在减少 O. sativa 中 As 积累的效果。我们评估了五种生物炭（BC；BC：0.1%，BC：0.28%，BC：0.55%，BC：0.82%和 BC：1.0%，w/w），堆肥（VC；VC：1.0%，VC：1.8%，VC：3.0%，VC：4.2%和 VC：5.0%，w/w）和浮萍（DW；DW：100，DW：160，DW：250，DW：340和 DW：400 g m）对在受 As 污染土壤中种植的 O. sativa 的影响。采用三因素五水平中心复合设计和响应面法（RSM），我们优化了 BC-VC-DW 的应用率。研究结果表明，土壤中 As 的污染对 O. sativa 的生长产生了负面影响。然而，添加 BC、VC 和 DW 显著提高了植物形态参数、SPAD 值和每盆的谷物产量。值得注意的是，与对照（BCVCDW）相比，适量的 BC-DW 和高 VC（BCVCDW）组合将谷物产量提高了 44.4%。As 污染增加了 O. sativa 叶片中的根、茎和谷物 As 含量以及氧化应激。然而，BCVCDW 处理可使谷物 As（G-As）降低 56%，过氧化氢降低 71%，丙二醛降低 50%，与对照相比。较低剂量的 BC-VC-DW（BCVCDW）可提高抗氧化酶活性，而中等至高剂量则会降低这些活性。生物浓缩和转运因子低于 1 表明植物组织中 As 的吸收和转运有限。通过 RSM 优化，我们确定了 BC（0.76%）、VC（4.62%）和 DW（290.0 g m）的最佳剂量可最大限度地提高谷物产量（32.96 g 盆，比对照高 44%）并最大限度地降低 G-As 含量（0.189 mg kg，比对照低 54%）。这些发现强调了在受污染地区提高产量和减少谷物中 As 积累的有效策略，从而确保了农业生产力、人类健康和长期可持续性。总的来说，我们的研究为受 As 影响地区的安全食品生产和改善公众健康做出了贡献。
