Zhou Yuzhen, Stepanenko Anton, Kishchenko Olena, Xu Jianming, Borisjuk Nikolai
School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 29;12(3):589. doi: 10.3390/plants12030589.
Tiny aquatic plants from the family, commonly known as duckweeds, are often regarded as detrimental to the environment because of their ability to quickly populate and cover the surfaces of bodies of water. Due to their rapid vegetative propagation, duckweeds have one of the fastest growth rates among flowering plants and can accumulate large amounts of biomass in relatively short time periods. Due to the high yield of valuable biomass and ease of harvest, duckweeds can be used as feedstock for biofuels, animal feed, and other applications. Thanks to their efficient absorption of nitrogen- and phosphate-containing pollutants, duckweeds play an important role in the restorative ecology of water reservoirs. Moreover, compared to other species, duckweed species and ecotypes demonstrate exceptionally high adaptivity to a variety of environmental factors; indeed, duckweeds remove and convert many contaminants, such as nitrogen, into plant biomass. The global distribution of duckweeds and their tolerance of ammonia, heavy metals, other pollutants, and stresses are the major factors highlighting their potential for use in purifying agricultural, municipal, and some industrial wastewater. In summary, duckweeds are a powerful tool for bioremediation that can reduce anthropogenic pollution in aquatic ecosystems and prevent water eutrophication in a simple, inexpensive ecologically friendly way. Here we review the potential for using duckweeds in phytoremediation of several major water pollutants: mineral nitrogen and phosphorus, various organic chemicals, and heavy metals.
浮萍科的小型水生植物，通常被称为浮萍，因其能够迅速繁殖并覆盖水体表面，常被视为对环境有害。由于其快速的营养繁殖，浮萍在开花植物中生长速度最快之一，能在相对较短的时间内积累大量生物量。由于有价值生物量的高产和易于收获，浮萍可用作生物燃料、动物饲料及其他用途的原料。得益于其对含氮和含磷污染物的高效吸收，浮萍在水库的恢复生态学中发挥着重要作用。此外，与其他物种相比，浮萍物种和生态型对各种环境因素表现出极高的适应性；实际上，浮萍能去除并将许多污染物，如氮，转化为植物生物量。浮萍的全球分布及其对氨、重金属、其他污染物和胁迫的耐受性是突出其用于净化农业、城市和一些工业废水潜力的主要因素。总之，浮萍是一种强大的生物修复工具，能以简单、廉价且生态友好的方式减少水生生态系统中的人为污染并防止水体富营养化。在此，我们综述了浮萍在几种主要水污染物（矿物氮和磷、各种有机化学品和重金属）植物修复中的应用潜力。
