Stenspil Stine G, Laursen Bo W
Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
Chem Sci. 2024 May 7;15(23):8625-8638. doi: 10.1039/d4sc01352b. eCollection 2024 Jun 12.
Fluorescent nanoparticles have become attractive for bioanalysis and imaging, due to their high brightness and photostability. Many different optical materials have been applied in fluorescent nanoparticles with a broad range of properties and characteristics. One appealing approach is the incorporation of molecular organic fluorophores in nanoparticles with the intention of transferring their known attractive solution-state properties directly to the nanoparticles. However, as molecular dyes are packed closely together in the nanoparticles their interactions most often result in fluorescence quenching and change in spectral properties making this approach challenging. In this perspective we will first discuss the origins of quenching and spectral shifts observed in dye based nanoparticles. On this background, we will then describe various designs of dye based NPs and how they address the challenges of dye-dye interactions and quenching. Our aim is to provide a general framework for understanding the supramolecular mechanisms that determine the photophysics of dye based nanoparticles. This framework of molecular photophysics and its relation to the internal structure of dye based nanoparticles can hopefully serve to assist rational design and optimization of new and improved dye based nanoparticles.
由于具有高亮度和光稳定性，荧光纳米颗粒在生物分析和成像领域变得极具吸引力。许多不同的光学材料已被应用于具有广泛性质和特征的荧光纳米颗粒中。一种吸引人的方法是将分子有机荧光团掺入纳米颗粒中，目的是将其已知的有吸引力的溶液态性质直接转移到纳米颗粒上。然而，由于分子染料在纳米颗粒中紧密堆积，它们之间的相互作用通常会导致荧光猝灭和光谱性质的变化，使得这种方法具有挑战性。从这个角度出发，我们首先将讨论在基于染料的纳米颗粒中观察到的猝灭和光谱位移的起源。在此背景下，我们将接着描述基于染料的纳米颗粒的各种设计以及它们如何应对染料 - 染料相互作用和猝灭的挑战。我们的目的是提供一个通用框架，以理解决定基于染料的纳米颗粒光物理性质的超分子机制。这种分子光物理框架及其与基于染料的纳米颗粒内部结构的关系有望有助于合理设计和优化新型且改进的基于染料的纳米颗粒。
