Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
Chem Rev. 2021 Aug 11;121(15):9243-9358. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
研究人员致力于开发和应用发光纳米粒子（LNP），以进行化学和生物分析及成像，该领域的研究方兴未艾。经过二十年的研究，不断有新的材料和新的应用被报道。本综述提供了对该领域的全面而启发性的概述。它面向初学者和专家，旨在对 LNP 材料、其性质、优缺点以及潜在应用进行批判性评估。根据其化学性质和物理形态、定量光致发光（PL）特性、PL 机制和表面化学的基本描述，对大量 LNP 材料进行了分类。这些材料包括各种半导体量子点、碳纳米管、石墨烯衍生物、碳点、纳米金刚石、发光金属纳米团簇、镧系元素掺杂的上转换纳米粒子和下转换纳米粒子、三重态-三重态湮灭纳米粒子、持久发光纳米粒子、共轭聚合物纳米粒子和半导体聚合物点、多纳米粒子组装体以及掺杂和标记的纳米粒子，包括但不限于基于聚合物和二氧化硅的纳米粒子。作为对 LNP 性质进行批判性评估的一种方法，根据几种与应用相关的功能标准对这些材料进行了排名。此外，还有一些章节强调了化学和生物分析、即时诊断、细胞、组织和成像以及治疗方面的最新进展。这些例子来自于最近的文献，并根据所利用的 LNP 材料和特定性质进行了组织。最后，对该领域的未来发展提出了展望。
