Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
J Med Virol. 2024 Jun;96(6):e29737. doi: 10.1002/jmv.29737.
Outbreaks of airborne viral emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) cause an increasing burden on global public health, particularly with a backdrop of intensified climate change. However, infection sources and drivers for outbreaks of airborne viral EIDs remain unknown. Here, we aim to explore the driving mechanisms of outbreaks based on the one health perspective. Outbreak information for 20 types of airborne viral EIDs was collected from the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network database and a systematic literature review. Four statistically significant and high-risk spatiotemporal clusters for airborne viral EID outbreaks were identified globally using multivariate scan statistic tests. There were 112 outbreaks with clear infection sources, and zoonotic spillover was the most common source (95.54%, 107/112). Since 1970, the majority of outbreaks occurred in healthcare facilities (24.82%), followed by schools (17.93%) and animal-related settings (15.93%). Significant associations were detected between the number of earthquakes, storms, duration of floods, and airborne viral EIDs' outbreaks using a case-crossover study design and multivariable conditional logistic regression. These findings implied that zoonotic spillover and extreme weather events are driving global outbreaks of airborne viral EIDs, and targeted prevention and control measures should be made to reduce the airborne viral EIDs burden.
空气传播病毒新发传染病（EID）的爆发对全球公共卫生造成的负担日益加重，尤其是在气候变化加剧的背景下。然而，空气传播病毒 EID 爆发的感染源和驱动因素仍不清楚。在此，我们旨在从“同一健康”的角度探讨爆发的驱动机制。从全球传染病和流行病学网络数据库和系统文献综述中收集了 20 种空气传播病毒 EID 的爆发信息。使用多变量扫描统计检验在全球范围内确定了四个具有统计学意义和高风险的空气传播病毒 EID 爆发的时空聚集。有 112 次爆发有明确的感染源，人畜共患病溢出是最常见的来源（95.54%，107/112）。自 1970 年以来，大多数爆发发生在医疗机构（24.82%），其次是学校（17.93%）和与动物相关的场所（15.93%）。使用病例交叉研究设计和多变量条件逻辑回归检测到地震、风暴、洪水持续时间与空气传播病毒 EID 爆发之间存在显著关联。这些发现表明，人畜共患病溢出和极端天气事件正在推动全球空气传播病毒 EID 的爆发，应采取有针对性的预防和控制措施来减轻空气传播病毒 EID 的负担。
