Birbaumer Niels
Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Silcherstrasse 5, 74072, Tübingen, Germany.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2024 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10484-024-09648-z.
This review describes the historical developement and rationale of clinically relevant research on neurophysiological "mind reading" paradims: Brain- Computer-Interfaces, detection of deception, brain stimulation and neurofeedback and the clinical applications in drug resistant epilepsy, chronic stroke, and communication with paralyzed locked-in persons. The emphasis lies on completely locked-in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using non-invasive and invasive brain computer interfaces and neurofeedback to restore verbal communication with the social environment. In the second part of the article we argue that success and failure of neurophysiological "mind reading" paradigms may be explained with a motor theory of thinking and emotion in combination with learning theory. The ethical implications of brain computer interface and neurofeedback approaches, particularly for severe chronic paralysis and loss of communication diseases and decisions on hastened death and euthanasia are discussed.
本综述描述了神经生理学“读心术”范式临床相关研究的历史发展及基本原理：脑机接口、欺骗检测、脑刺激和神经反馈，以及在药物难治性癫痫、慢性中风和与瘫痪闭锁综合征患者沟通方面的临床应用。重点在于使用非侵入性和侵入性脑机接口及神经反馈的肌萎缩侧索硬化完全闭锁综合征患者，以恢复与社会环境的言语交流。在文章的第二部分，我们认为神经生理学“读心术”范式的成功与失败可以用思维和情感的运动理论结合学习理论来解释。讨论了脑机接口和神经反馈方法的伦理意义，特别是对于严重慢性瘫痪和丧失沟通能力的疾病，以及关于加速死亡和安乐死的决策。
