Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2024;100(1):357-374. doi: 10.3233/JAD-231468.
Executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been associated with gray matter atrophy. Prior studies have yielded limited insight into associations between gray matter volume and executive function in early and late amnestic MCI (aMCI).
To examine the relative importance of predictors of executive function at 24 months and relationships between baseline regional gray matter volume and executive function performance at 24-month follow-up in non-demented older adults.
147 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age = 70.6 years) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing and were classified as cognitively normal (n = 49), early aMCI (n = 60), or late aMCI (n = 38). Analyses explored the importance of demographic, APOEɛ4, biomarker (p-tau/Aβ42, t-tau/Aβ42), and gray matter regions-of-interest (ROI) variables to 24-month executive function, whether ROIs predicted executive function, and whether relationships varied by baseline diagnostic status.
Across all participants, baseline anterior cingulate cortex and superior parietal lobule volumes were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance. In early aMCI, anterior cingulate cortex volume was the strongest predictor and demonstrated a significant interaction such that lower volume related to worse 24-month executive function in early aMCI. Educational attainment and inferior frontal gyrus volume were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance for cognitively normal and late aMCI groups, respectively.
Baseline frontoparietal gray matter regions were significant predictors of executive function performance in the context of aMCI and may identify those at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Anterior cingulate cortex volume may predict executive function performance in early aMCI.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）中的执行功能障碍与灰质萎缩有关。先前的研究对早期和晚期遗忘型轻度认知障碍（aMCI）的灰质体积与执行功能之间的关联提供了有限的见解。
在非痴呆的老年人中，检查 24 个月时执行功能的预测因子的相对重要性，以及基线时区域灰质体积与 24 个月随访时执行功能表现之间的关系。
来自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议（平均年龄=70.6 岁）的 147 名参与者完成了脑磁共振成像和神经心理学测试，并被分类为认知正常（n=49）、早期 aMCI（n=60）或晚期 aMCI（n=38）。分析探讨了人口统计学、APOEɛ4、生物标志物（p-tau/Aβ42、t-tau/Aβ42）和灰质感兴趣区（ROI）变量对 24 个月执行功能的重要性，ROI 是否预测执行功能，以及基线诊断状态是否会影响这些关系。
在所有参与者中，基线前扣带回皮质和上顶叶的体积是 24 个月执行功能表现的最强预测因子。在早期 aMCI 中，前扣带回皮质体积是最强的预测因子，并且表现出显著的交互作用，即较低的体积与早期 aMCI 中 24 个月执行功能的恶化相关。教育程度和下额回的体积是认知正常和晚期 aMCI 组 24 个月执行功能表现的最强预测因子。
基线额顶叶灰质区域是 aMCI 背景下执行功能表现的重要预测因子，可能识别出那些有患阿尔茨海默病风险的人。前扣带皮质体积可能预测早期 aMCI 中执行功能的表现。
