Department of Politics and International Relations, Derwent College, University of York, D/N/126, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
Global Health. 2024 Jun 14;20(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12992-024-01034-y.
There are only two major statements which define alcohol policy development at the global level. There has not been any comparative analysis of the details of these key texts, published in 2010 and 2022 respectively, including how far they constitute similar or evolving approaches to alcohol harm.
Preparatory data collection involved examination of documents associated with the final policy statements. A thematic analysis across the two policy documents was performed to generate understanding of continuity and change based on comparative study. Study findings are interpreted in the contexts of the evolving conceptual and empirical literatures.
Both documents exhibit shared guiding principles and identify similar governance challenges, albeit with varying priority levels. There is more emphasis on the high-impact interventions on price, availability and marketing in 2022, and more stringent targets have been set for 2030 in declaring alcohol as a public health priority therein, reflecting the action-oriented nature of the Plan. The identified roles of policy actors have largely remained unchanged, albeit with greater specificity in the more recent statement, appropriately so because it is concerned with implementation. The major exception, and the key difference in the documents, regards the alcohol industry, which is perceived primarily as a threat to public health in 2022 due to commercial activities harmful to health and because policy interference has slowed progress.
The adoption of the Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30 potentially marks a pivotal moment in global alcohol policy development, though it is unclear how fully it may be implemented. Perhaps, the key advances lie in advancing the ambitions of alcohol policy and clearly identifying that the alcohol industry should not be seen as any kind of partner in public health policymaking, which will permit progress to the extent that this influences what actually happens in alcohol policy at the national level.
目前仅有两个主要的声明可以定义全球层面的酒精政策发展。尚未对这两份分别于 2010 年和 2022 年发布的关键文本的细节进行任何比较分析，包括它们在多大程度上构成了对酒精危害的类似或演变的方法。
初步数据收集包括检查与最终政策声明相关的文件。对这两个政策文件进行了跨文本的主题分析，以根据比较研究生成对连续性和变化的理解。研究结果是在不断发展的概念和实证文献背景下进行解释的。
两份文件都表现出共同的指导原则，并确定了类似的治理挑战，尽管优先级有所不同。2022 年更强调对价格、供应和营销的高影响力干预措施，并且在宣布酒精是公共卫生优先事项方面为 2030 年设定了更严格的目标，这反映了该计划的行动导向性质。政策行为者的确定角色基本保持不变，尽管在最近的声明中更加具体，这是合理的，因为它涉及实施。主要的例外，也是文件之间的关键区别，涉及酒精行业，由于对健康有害的商业活动，该行业在 2022 年主要被视为对公共卫生的威胁，并且政策干预减缓了进展。
全球酒精行动计划 2022-2030 的通过可能标志着全球酒精政策发展的一个关键时刻，尽管尚不清楚它将在多大程度上得到实施。也许，关键的进展在于推进酒精政策的雄心壮志，并明确指出，酒精行业不应该被视为公共卫生决策制定的任何类型的合作伙伴，这将在多大程度上影响国家层面的酒精政策的实际情况。
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