Hollerman J J
Am Fam Physician. 1985 May;31(5):91-100.
The classic triad of hematuria, flank pain and abdominal mass is present in only 15 percent of patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney. In one-third of patients, metastases are present at the time the tumor is discovered. Contour abnormalities of the kidney, displacement of portions of the collecting system and altered axis of the kidney may be seen on intravenous pyelogram. The presence of calcification within a renal mass should increase the index of suspicion for malignancy.
仅有15%的肾腺癌患者会出现血尿、胁腹痛和腹部肿块这一典型三联征。三分之一的患者在肿瘤被发现时就已有转移。静脉肾盂造影可见肾脏轮廓异常、集合系统部分移位以及肾脏轴位改变。肾肿块内有钙化应提高对恶性肿瘤的怀疑指数。
