Wildlife Management Unit, Diagnostics, Wildlife Management and Molecular Biology, SASA, Edinburgh, UK.
Chemistry Dept, SASA, Edinburgh, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 20;944:173832. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173832. Epub 2024 Jun 14.
Rodenticides are a key component of rodent management strategies, but birds of prey are susceptible to non-target exposure. New rules on sale and use of rodenticide products were introduced across the UK in 2016 in an industry-led stewardship scheme, with the aim of reducing this risk. To determine if this intervention has achieved its aim, exposure to second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) was measured in buzzards. Liver samples from 790 buzzards collected between 2005 and 2022 (excluding 2016 and 2017 samples) were analyzed and the percentage presence and concentrations of SGARs from pre-stewardship and post-stewardship samples were compared. There was no statistically significant decrease in the percentage of buzzards exposed to bromadiolone, difenacoum or combined SGAR residues after the introduction of stewardship. The percentage of buzzards exposed to brodifacoum increased significantly post-stewardship, from 8 % to 27 %. There were no significant decreases in the concentrations of individual SGARs post-stewardship but concentration of combined SGARs increased significantly post-stewardship. Individual buzzards were significantly more likely to be exposed to multiple SGARs post-stewardship. Rodenticide poisoning was recorded as the cause of death for 5 % of pre- and post-stewardship buzzards with detectable levels of SGARs, and 90 % of these had combined SGAR residues >0.1 mg/kg. These findings suggest that the industry-led stewardship scheme has not yet had the intended impact of reducing SGAR exposure in non-target wildlife. The study highlights a substantial increase in exposure of buzzards to brodifacoum and to multiple SGARs post-stewardship, indicating that further changes to the stewardship scheme may be necessary.
杀鼠剂是鼠类管理策略的重要组成部分，但猛禽易受到非靶标暴露的影响。2016 年，在行业主导的管理计划下，英国出台了新的杀鼠剂销售和使用规定，旨在降低这种风险。为了确定这一干预措施是否达到了目的，本研究检测了苍鹰体内的第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂（SGARs）暴露情况。分析了 2005 年至 2022 年间（不包括 2016 年和 2017 年的样本）收集的 790 只苍鹰的肝脏样本，并比较了管理前和管理后样本中 SGAR 的存在比例和浓度。在引入管理措施后，苍鹰暴露于溴敌隆、杀鼠醚或联合 SGAR 残留的比例没有统计学上的显著下降。管理后，苍鹰暴露于溴鼠灵的比例显著增加，从 8%增加到 27%。管理后，单个 SGAR 的浓度没有显著下降，但联合 SGAR 的浓度显著增加。管理后，单个苍鹰更有可能接触多种 SGAR。在有 SGAR 可检测水平的管理前和管理后的苍鹰中，有 5%的苍鹰因鼠药中毒而死亡，其中 90%的苍鹰有联合 SGAR 残留>0.1mg/kg。这些发现表明，行业主导的管理计划尚未对减少非靶标野生动物中的 SGAR 暴露产生预期影响。本研究突出表明，管理后苍鹰接触溴鼠灵和多种 SGAR 的情况显著增加，表明管理计划可能需要进一步修改。
