Skinner H B, Effeney D J
Am J Phys Med. 1985 Apr;64(2):82-9.
There are marked differences from normal in both AK and BK gait. Forward velocity of walking is significantly lower in the amputee and is lower in the AK than in the BK subjects. Traumatic AK amputees ambulate with time-distance parameters of velocity, cadence, stride length and gait cycle which are all two standard deviations below normal. The same parameters for the traumatic BK amputee are only one standard deviation below normal. The symmetry of walking seen in the normal subject is not present in the lower extremity amputee. Measurements of single limb support times and motion analysis of the lower extremities as well as of the head, arms and trunk bear this out. This asymmetry of motion increases the excursion of the center of mass during each cycle and thereby increases the energy cost of ambulation. Energy cost of amputee gait often places the dysvascular AK amputee at his limits and strains other amputees severely. Further research is necessary to enable amputees to approach the walking capabilities of normal people.
膝关节离断（AK）和小腿截肢（BK）步态与正常步态均存在显著差异。截肢者的步行前进速度明显更低，且膝关节离断者比小腿截肢者更低。创伤性膝关节离断截肢者行走时的速度、步频、步长和步态周期等时间-距离参数均比正常低两个标准差。创伤性小腿截肢者的相同参数仅比正常低一个标准差。正常受试者行走时的对称性在下肢截肢者中不存在。单肢支撑时间的测量以及下肢、头部、手臂和躯干的运动分析证实了这一点。这种运动不对称性增加了每个周期中质心的偏移，从而增加了步行的能量消耗。截肢者步态的能量消耗常常使血管病变的膝关节离断截肢者达到极限，并使其他截肢者承受极大压力。有必要进行进一步研究，以使截肢者能够接近正常人的行走能力。
